e and resembled each other in their customs, characteristics and religious beliefs. What is said, therefore, on these subjects in the following pages, will be understood to

largely determined by natural conditions, and the tribes living in the warm foot-hi

N OF TE

ween the territories claimed by each tribe for their exclusive use in hunting game and gathering means of support; and any trespassing on the domain of ot

AMONG T

s, for instance, the Indians on the western side of the Sierra Nevada Mountains were entirely dependent upon the Pai-utes (Pye-yutes′) on the eastern side for the obsidian, a kind of volcanic glass, from which they made the points for their most deadly arrows, u

for personal or dress ornaments, and also to be used as money. From the same source they obtained beads of various forms, sizes and colors, cheap jewelry and other fan

UNIC

the next station, and so on, so that all tribes within an area of a hundred miles would get the good or bad tidings within a few hours. In this manner important communication was kept up between the different tribes. They also

LLI

ng were set in the ground around an area of about twelve feet in diameter, with their tops inclined together. The outside was then closely covered with long strips of the cedar bark, making it perfectly water-tight.

by Jor

N O′-

covered with bark, is more easily heate

property, dogs included; and there is no other form of a single-room dwelling that can b

bbits, hares, wildcats and foxes. The skins were cut in narrow strips, which were loosely twisted so as to bring the fur entirely around on the outside, and then woven into a warp of st

rally lived outside in brush arbors, an

by Jor

AIDEN IN N

been replaced by the unpictu

THI

a man (Nung′-ah) was simply a breech-clout, or short hip-skirt made of skins; that for a woman (O′-hoh) was a skirt reaching from the waist to the knees, made of dressed deerskin finished at the bott

CTERI

n color, but frequently rub their bodies with some kind of oil, which gives the flesh a much redder and more glossy appearance. The hair is black and straight, and the eyes are black and deep set. The beard is sparse, and in former times wa

ger ones are striving to live like the white people, and seem proud to adopt our style of dress and manner of cooking. They all speak our lang

lves. Their old o′-chum form of dwelling is now very seldom seen-a r

f common labor, when they have an opportunity, and have learned to

camp, yet there has never to my knowledge been an instance of anything being stolen or molested by Indians. There are, however, some dishonest Indians, who will steal from their own people, and some times, when a long distance from their own camp, they may steal from the whites. A few, if they can get whisky, through the aid of some white person, will be