nge r

0.5402 (2004), 0.5715

001), 0.6

al y

ndar

cations

- main li

900

s - mobil

,600

hone

adequate, but is being

ility independent of t

ies are being instal

nderway in intercity

d mobile systems; s

ber app

code - 371; internati

d a satellite earth st

tions for mos

oadcast

6, shortwa

di

illion

broadcast

31 repeat

visi

illion

t count

l

net h

58 (

rvice Provi

(20

net u

000

rtation

lwa

: 2,3

km 1.520-m gauge

33 km 0.750-

hwa

: 60,

: 57,

3,265 k

erw

km (

eli

409 km; refined pr

and ha

Vent

ant m

000 GRT or over) 53

chemical tanker

petroleum tanker 5,

other countr

por

2004

with pave

al:

to 3,0

to 2,4

o 1,5

m: 16 (2

with unpa

al:

to 3,0

to 2,4

o 1,5

m: 20 (2

ary L

ry bra

y, Air Force, Bord

essa

script service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers; Latvia plans to ph

lable for mil

-49: 517,713

t for milit

-49: 361,098

g military servi

9,137 (2

enditures -

llion

nditures - pe

% (

onal Issu

- inter

oundary treaty of 199

a linking it to bette

tvian politicians dema

admits Soviet aggres

sues; the Latvian parl

dary treaty with Lithu

oration rights; as a m

nal border, Latvia mus

n borde

cit

for opiates and cann

ern Europe and Scandin

etics from Western Eur

espite improved legis

ties and comparative

and the gaming indu

ing, corruption, extor

counts for most

ast updated on

=======================

eb

uction

kgr

ogress toward rebui

1 and the end of the d

if Accord - the bl

Lebanese have establi

ticularly by giving M

while institutionalizi

ince the end of the

cessful elections, mo

nded, and the Lebanese

nment authority over a

a radical Shia organ

n's civil war, the Ara

a's troop deployment,

Beirut and in the B

ued military presenc

the failure of the L

constitutional reform

rom southern Lebanon

ese groups to demand

ssage of UNSCR 1559 in

r Syria to withdraw f

nese affairs - furth

ria's presence in Le

of its forces from Le

aphy

ati

g the Mediterranean S

y

hic coo

N, 3

efere

dle

r

10,40

10,230

: 170

compa

es the size o

54 km border countries: I

stl

5

ime c

rial se

im

o cool, wet winters w

ns experience h

rr

El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley

banon M

ion ex

t: Mediterr

: Qurnat as S

l reso

salt, water-surplus s

, arab

d u

land:

nt crop

69.4%

ated

q km (1

al ha

orms, s

nt - curr

erosion; desertifica

traffic and the burnin

l waters from raw s

internationa

, Climate Change, Dese

a, Ozone Layer Protec

tl

ied: Environmental Mo

erva

aphy

major river in Near

; rugged terrain histo

numerous factional gr

and et

le L

ula

8 (July

stru

7% (male 520,27

% (male 1,216,738

9% (male 120,176/fema

ian

27.34

26.2

.43 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

,000 populati

gratio

1,000 populat

ra

1.05 mal

ars: 1.04 m

s: 0.92 ma

over: 0.83

: 0.94 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,00

deaths/1,000

aths/1,000 live

ectancy

ulation:

70.1

.21 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(2001

ople living w

(200

DS - d

n 200 (2

onal

se (singular

ive: L

ic g

Armenian 4

igi

unni, Druze, Isma'ilit

e Catholic, Greek Orth

yrian Catholic, Arme

lic, Chaldean, Assyri

er

n religious se

gua

al), French, E

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

82.2% (2

ment L

try

long form: Le

al short f

m: Al Jumhuriy

ort form

nment

pu

pi

ir

rative d

zat, singular - mohafa

ban-Sud, Mont-

pend

om League of Nations

istra

nal h

Day, 22 Nov

titu

a number of times, mo

onciliation (Ta'if Ac

l sy

, canon law, Napoleoni

legislative acts; has

urisd

fra

lsory for all males; a

h elementa

tive

ident Emile LAHUD (s

Prime Minister Fuad

Minister Elias MUR

n by the prime ministe

d members of the

lected by the National

eld 15 October 1998 (

2004 the National Asse

six-year term by th

rime minister appoint

National Assembly; by

n, the prime minister

the legislature

15 October 1998 electi

sembly vote - 118 vote

bste

ative

Assembly or Majlis

rench) (128 seats; mem

ectarian proportional

year

n four rounds on 29 Ma

o be he

cent of vote by group

36; Democratic Gather

oyalty to the Resista

Forces 6; Qornet She

Bloc 3; Syrian Natio

nt 2; Tachnaq Party

Left 1; Nasserite Pop

aeb Party 1;

ial b

ion (three courts for

or criminal cases); C

ccord - rules on const

rs charges against t

er as

parties an

A]; Democratic Gather

r NA]; Development and

aker]; Free Patriotic

[Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kat

t [leader NA]; Lebane

tance [Mohammad RA'A

; Popular Bloc [lead

ational Socialist Par

nt Bloc [

essure group

organization

MF, FAO, G-24, G-77,

, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, I

t), ITU, LAS, MIGA, NA

O, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA

WToO, WTO

epresentatio

n: Ambassador D

th Street NW, Was

: [1] (20

] (202)

al: Detroit, New Y

N embassy: Awkar, Lebanon mailing address: P. O. Box 70-840, Antelias, Lebanon; PSC 8

descr

ds consisting of red

(bottom) with a green

whit

my Le

y - ov

ar seriously damage

national output by h

a Middle Eastern entre

on has rebuilt much of

ructure by borrowing

attempt to reduce th

nment began an austeri

ures, increasing re

rprises. In November 2

onors at the Paris I

n restructuring its ma

st. Substantial recei

finances in 2003, but

t nearly 180% of GD

obonds in an effort t

ment has continued th

-owned enterprises had

sed during the Pa

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

2004

per

er parity - $5

position

ultur

stry

es: 67

r fo

mi

ere are as many as 1

01

ce - by o

A, industry N

oyment

1997

below pov

1999

or consumption by

st 1

st 10

ate (consum

2004

nt (gros

GDP (20

dg

: $4.895

illion, including capi

04

ic d

f GDP (2

ture -

oes, apples, vegetabl

; sheep

ust

ing, jewelry, cement,

d and furniture produc

ric

production

ity - pr

llion kW

rce: fossil fuel: 97.2% hydro:

ity - co

llion kW

city -

h (2

city -

llion k

prod

ay (200

consum

bl/day (2

- ex

- im

account

illion (2

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

norganic chemicals,

o, construction mine

witchgear, text

s - pa

Turkey 6.9%, Switzer

% (

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

ars, medicinal produc

er goods, paper, tex

s - pa

.3%, Syria 9.8%, Germa

UK 4.6

foreign exch

llion (2

- ext

illion (

aid - r

(2003), out of the $4.

vember 2002 Paris

ncy (

se pou

ency

B

nge r

S dollar - 1,507.5 (2

1,507.5 (2001)

al y

ndar

cations

- main li

800

s - mobil

100

hone

elecommunications sys

rebuilding

ly microwave radi

y code - 961; satelli

an and 1 Atlantic Ocea

ria; microwave radi

ria to Jordan; 3 sub

oadcast

22, shortw

di

illion

broadcast

5 repeate

visi

illion

t count

l

net h

8 (2

rvice Provi

(20

net u

000

rtation

lwa

l: 4

auge: 319

uge: 82 k

me unusable because of

short sections a

km paved: 6,198 km unpa

eli

09 km

and ha

ekka, Joun

ant m

000 GRT or over) 19

4, cargo 26, livestock

n/roll off 2, v

d: 6 (Austri

other countr

por

004

over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,52

with unpa

ta

o 1,5

4 m: 1 (

ary L

ry bra

ces (LAF): Army, N

f age for compulsory and voluntary military servic

lable for mil

-49: 974,363

t for milit

-49: 821,762

enditures -

llion (20

nditures - pe

FY99)

onal Issu

- inter

pressure prompts the r

nnel from Lebanon; Leb

Israeli-occupied Gola

m Force in Lebanon (UN

ce

nternally disp

rigin): 394,532 (Pales

-90 civil war, Isra

cit

dramatically reduce

ltivation minimal; s

outhwest Asian heroin

s and for Middle E

ast updated on

=======================

es

uction

kgr

d the Kingdom of Leso

King MOSHOESHOE was

1992 and reinstated i

d in 1993 after 23 yea

and a military mutiny

ief but bloody interve

ry forces under the

ommunity. Constitutio

bility; peaceful parli

in

aphy

ati

a, an enclave

hic coo

S, 2

efere

ri

r

30,35

30,355

r: 0

compa

maller tha

: 909 km border countr

stl

(land

ime c

(land

im

cold, dry winters

rr

ith plateaus, hil

ion ex

n of the Orange and M

: Thabana Ntl

l reso

and grazing land,

ding

10.87% permanent crops:

ated

km (19

al ha

dic d

nt - curr

rcing settlement in ma

e soil erosion, an

hlands Water Project

water to S

internationa

ty, Climate Change,

tion, Endangered Spec

ervation, Ozone

ot ratified:

aphy

y surrounded by South

country is 1,800 me

le L

ula

67,

his country explicitl

tality due to AIDS; t

er infant mortality a

rates, and changes i

sex than would other

5 e

stru

9% (male 346,93

6% (male 526,642

5% (male 42,003/femal

ian

20.19

19.6

.74 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

1,000 populat

gratio

)/1,000 populat

ra

1.03 mal

ars: 1.01 m

s: 0.96 ma

over: 0.69

: 0.96 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,00

deaths/1,000

aths/1,000 live

ectancy

ulation:

35.4

.42 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(200

ople living w

0 (200

DS - d

(2003

onal

(singular), Ba

ive: B

ic g

ropeans, Asians

igi

%, indigenou

gua

otho), English (off

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

94.5% (2

ment L

try

ong form: King

al short f

: Basu

nment

y constituti

pi

se

rative d

, Butha-Buthe, Leri

tlong, Qacha's Nek,

pend

r 1966 (

nal h

e Day, 4 Oc

titu

ril

l sy

n law and Roman-Dutch

gh Court and Court of

y ICJ jur

fra

of age;

tive

LETSIE III (since 7 F

ly occupied the throne

while his fat

ime Minister Pakalitha

9

et: C

rding to the constitu

Assembly automatically

ary, but, under the te

after the March 1993

tional unity" with no

nal law the college of

in the line of success

at the successor is no

pose th

ative

consists of the Sen

1 other members appoin

seats, 80 by direct

mbers elected by popu

of seats in the Assemb

ay 2002

d 25 May 2002 (next

ent of vote by party -

by party - LCD 76, BN

ial b

tice appointed by the

nister); Court of Appe

or traditi

parties an

Congress or BAC [K

Party or BCP [Ntsukun

[Maj. Gen. Justine Met

or LCD [Pakalitha MOS

's Congress or LPC [K

[Macaefa BILLY]; Mare

National Independent

ogressive Party or NP

for Democracy or PFD

ic Party or SDP

essure group

organization

Commonwealth, FAO, G

C, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,

A, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SA

WCO, WFTU, WHO, W

epresentatio

Ambassador Molel

chusetts Avenue NW,

(202) 797-553

] (202)

PERRY embassy: 254 Kingsway, Maseru West (Consular Section) mailing address: P

descr

m the lower hoist side

e brown silhouette o

; the lower half is a

iangle in

my Le

y - ov

d mountainous, Lesoth

in South Africa and c

oms Union for the ma

ernment has strength

n customs duties. C

January 1998 now perm

erating royalties for

lined steadily over th

se has developed based

canning, leather, and

el-assembly sector. T

ainly due to Lesotho q

the Africa Growth an

marily based on subs

although drought has

e inequality in the

ack. Lesotho has sign

Growth Facilit

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

(2004

per

er parity - $3

griculture: 15.2% industry: 43

ce: 838,0

ion engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35%

oyment

(2

below pov

(1

on by percentage share: lowes

f family incom

1986

ate (consum

(2004

nt (gros

GDP (20

dg

: $698.5

illion, including capi

n (200

ture -

lses, sorghum,

ust

xtiles, apparel ass

ction;

production

% (1

ity - pr

- electricity supplied

ity - co

lion kW

city -

h (2

city -

electricity supplied

prod

ay (200

consum

bbl/da

- ex

- im

account

illion (2

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

othing, footwear, ro

and live an

s - pa

ada 2.1%, U

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

ls, vehicles, machiner

cts (

s - pa

25.5%, South Korea 5.

foreign exch

illion (

- ext

illion

c aid -

4.4 m

aid - r

millio

ncy (

South Africa

ency

L;

nge r

- 6.4597 (2004), 7.

92 (2001), 6

al y

l - 31

cations

- main li

00 (

s - mobil

00 (

hone

ssment: rudi

a modest but growing

o relay system, and

a cellular mobile tele

ry code - 266; satel

(Atlant

oadcast

, shortwav

di

(20

broadcast

(2

visi

t count

l

net h

(2

rvice Provi

(2

net u

00 (

rtation

km paved: 1,087 km un

: 28 (20

tal: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,5

ys: total: 25 914 to 1,523 m:

ary L

ry bra

Force (LDF): A

vice age and

(est.); no con

lable for mil

-49: 400,457

t for milit

-49: 162,857

enditures -

millio

nditures - pe

% (

ary -

t in 1999 began an op

d role of the armed

o Defense Force's (LDF

itical

onal Issu

internati

ast updated on

=======================

ib

uction

kgr

prehensive peace agre

the resignation of fo

ed to Nigeria. The N

(NTGL) - composed of

- assumed control in

given a two-year manda

ds the new governmen

UNMIL), which mainta

, completed a disarmam

004, but the securit

cess of rebuilding t

war-torn country

aphy

ati

ring the North Atlant

and Sie

hic coo

N,

efere

ri

r

111,3

96,320

15,05

compa

arger than

bound

: 1,5

ea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoi

6

stl

9

ime c

rial se

im

dry winters with hot

y summers with fre

rr

coastal plains rising

tains in

ion ex

nt: Atlant

nt: Mount W

l reso

er, diamonds,

.95% permanent crops: 2.

ated

km (19

al ha

inds blow from the Sah

forestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; poll

internationa

ty, Climate Change,

cation, Endangered

tion, Tropical Timber

ied: Environmental Mo

ne Life C

aphy

Ocean, the coastline

ps, and river-deposite

supports limi

le L

ula

1 (July

stru

6% (male 765,66

8% (male 896,206

7% (male 64,547/femal

ian

18.06

17.6

.42 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

1,000 populat

gratio

(s)/1,000

000 Liberian refuge

tain security situat

o return

ra

1.03 mal

ars: 1.02 m

s: 0.95 ma

over: 1.01

: 0.98 male(s)/f

mortali

7 deaths/1,0

deaths/1,00

aths/1,000 live

ectancy

ulation:

37.0

.81 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(2003

ople living w

0 (200

DS - d

(200

fectious

f risk:

iseases: bacterial a

A, and typ

malaria and yellow f

loc

t disease: s

soil contact disease

onal

Libe

ive: L

ic g

ibes 95% (including K

ola, Gbandi, Loma, Ki

, Americo-Liberians

US who had been slav

ants from the Caribbea

igi

fs 40%, Christia

gua

, some 20 ethnic group

en and are used

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

41.6% (2

ment L

try

ong form: Repu

al short f

nment

pu

pi

nr

rative d

ng, Gbarpolu, Grand B

, Lofa, Margibi, Maryl

s, River

pend

uly

nal h

ce Day, 26

titu

nuar

l sy

ry law based on Anglo-

d customary law base

for indige

fra

of age;

tive

an Gyude BRYANT (since

osition until presiden

the chief of state

airman Gyude BRYANT (s

rim position until pre

both the chief of stat

inted by the presiden

t cabinet positions a

in the Liberia

elected by popular vo

last held 19 July 19

ber

les Ghankay TAYLOR ele

kay TAYLOR (NPP) 75.3%

MAH (ALCOP) 4%, other

own in Au

cease-fire among war

resulted in the Augu

es TAYLOR; a jointly a

T, assumed office as

overnment on 1

ative

ssembly consists of

pular vote to serve n

es (64 seats; members

six-yea

last held 19 July 19

of Representatives -

held 11 Oc

te - percent of vote b

ALCOP 2; House of Repr

seats by party - NP

itical Parties

ial b

eme

parties an

Parties (a coalition o

tion Party or ALCOP [P

C. Gyude BRYANT]; Lib

beria Unification Par

rty or NPP [Cyril ALL

or UPP [Wesley JOHNS

les C

essure group

organization

, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IB

IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,

, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

WHO, W

epresentatio

assador (vacant); Cha

LL

th Street NW, Was

: [1] (20

] (202)

s) general

epresentatio

Ambassador John

tions Drive, P. O. Box

rovia, 1

s: use embassy

31] 226-370 t

231] 2

descr

tripes of red (top an

white five-pointed st

corner; the design wa

my Li

y - ov

ment mismanagement h

specially the infras

nued international sa

limit growth prospec

en have fled the count

ome have returned, but

mineral resources, f

re, Liberia had been a

primarily raw timb

foreign owned, had b

er president, Charles

blishment of the all-

rrival of a UN missio

he political crisis,

conomic development.

e raising of incomes

n generous financial

from dono

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

(200

per

er parity - $9

griculture: 76.9% industry: 5.

ce - by o

ndustry 8%, servic

oyment

2003

below pov

0

or consumption by

st 1

st 10

ate (consum

2003

dg

s: $85.

illion, including cap

00

cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), palm oil

ust

palm oil processi

production

ity - pr

llion kW

urce: fossil fuel: 100% hydro:

ity - co

llion kW

city -

h (2

city -

h (2

prod

ay (200

consum

l/day (2

- im

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

iron, diamonds

s - pa

ny 18.9%, Poland 14.

00

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

inery, transportation

; foo

s - pa

apan 21.2%, Singapor

y 4.2%

- ext

lion (20

aid - r

llion

ncy (

n dolla

ency

R

nge r

US dollar - 54.906

48.583 (2001)

al y

ndar

cations

- main li

0 (2

s - mobil

0 (2

hone

e limited services ava

in the cap

tic system with very l

rsons; limited wirel

ry code - 231; satel

(Atlant

oadcast

, shortwav

di

000

broadcast

low-power rep

visi

00 (

t count

l

net h

(20

rvice Provi

(2

net u

0 (2

rtation

lwa

l: 4

ge: 345 km 1

e: 145 km 1

ways are in operation

00

km paved: 657 km unpav

and ha

an, Mo

ant m

000 GRT or over) 50,55

er 3, bulk carrier 2

n ore/oil 22, containe

/cargo 2, petroleum ta

off 6, specialized ta

Argentina 8, Australia

1, Canada 2, Chile 1,

France 3, Germany 511

1, Isle of Man 5, Isr

o 10, Netherlands 18,

4, Romania 1, Russia

1, South Korea 4, Swe

Ukraine 7, UAE 10, Un

, Uruguay

por

2004

: total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 1,

al: 51 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,

ary L

ry bra

iberia (AFL): Arm

: 18 years of age for voluntary mil

lable for mil

-49: 659,795

t for milit

-49: 360,373

enditures -

illion

nditures - pe

% (

onal Issu

- inter

estic fighting among d

angs was declared ove

133,000 Liberian refu

ire, 67,000 in Sierr

n, shelters refugees f

eone; since 2003, the

d about 18,000 peacek

ent accuses Liberia o

an Liberia from export

nternally disp

origin): 13,941 (Sier

voi

ar from 1990-2004; IDP

r 2004)

cit

or Southeast and Sout

for the European and

arms-dealing, and d

al for money launde

ial system limits the

ey-launde

ast updated on

=======================

ib

uction

ition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Libyan support for terrorism appeared to have decreased after the imposition of sanctions. During the 1990s, QADHAFI also began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya resolved the Lockerbie case. In December

aphy

ati

ring the Mediterranean

ni

hic coo

N, 1

efere

ri

r

1,759,5

,759,54

r: 0

compa

larger th

bound

: 4,3

eria 982 km, Chad 1,0

Sudan 383 km,

stl

77

ime c

rial se

losing line - 32 degr

im

g coast; dry, extr

rr

o undulating plains,

ion ex

: Sabkhat Gh

nt: Bikku B

l reso

natural g

.03% permanent crops: 0.

ated

q km (1

al ha

hibli is a southern wi

nd fall; dust st

nt - curr

limited natural fres

oject, the largest wat

ilt to bring water fro

a to coas

Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine

than 90% of the country

le L

e: includes 166,510 non-n

stru

9% (male 997,36

(male 1,842,775

2% (male 117,967/fema

ian

22.68

22.8

.56 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

,000 populati

gratio

1,000 populat

ra

1.05 mal

ars: 1.04 m

s: 1.07 ma

over: 0.96

: 1.05 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,000

deaths/1,000

aths/1,000 live

ectancy

ulation:

74.2

.82 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(2001

ople living w

(2001

DS - d

fectious

risk: in

seases: bacterial dia

oid

may be a significant

on season (typically

00

onal

Liby

tive:

ic g

, Greeks, Maltese,

Turks, India

igi

Musl

gua

ish, all are widely u

ti

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

72% (2

nment

try

rm: Great Socialist

ahi

al short f

mahiriyah al Arabiyah

irakiya

hort fo

nment

of the masses) in th

l councils; in fact,

pi

ip

rative d

ladiyat, singular - b

Al Jabal al Akhdar, A

ams, Ash Shati', Awbar

yan, Misratah, Murzuq,

, Tubruq, Yafran, Z

y have been repla

pend

er 1951 (

nal h

Day, 1 Sept

titu

1969; amende

l sy

vil law system and

onstitutional provisio

s not accepted compu

fra

ge; universal

tive

lutionary Leader Col

ptember 1969); note -

facto chie

ecretary of the Gener

kri Muhammad GHANIM

ple's Committee esta

e's C

lections are indirect

head of government

ction last held 2 Marc

A

on res

ative

ople's Congress (NA s

a hierarchy of pe

ial b

eme

parties an

o

essure group

alist movements wit

unctioning clandesti

anti-QADHAFI Libyan e

n London, but has

organization

AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU,

IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IL

S, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, O

DO, UPU, WCO, WFTU,

rver)

epresentatio

embassy in the US but

otective power of th

sy in

1980, resumed embassy activities in February 2004 under the protective power of the US interest

descr

the traditional colo

igi

omy

y - ov

pends primarily upon

te practically all exp

ese oil revenues and a

est per capita GDPs i

wn to the lower orde

four years have made

broader campaign to r

l fold. This effort p

in September 2003 an

would abandon progra

st all US unilateral s

l 2004. Libya faces

alist-oriented econom

WTO membership, reduc

rivatization - are lay

arket-based economy. T

rs, which account for

ng mostly agricultural

emicals, iron, steel,

oils severely limit a

s about 75%

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

(2004

per

er parity - $6

griculture: 8.7% industry: 45.

r fo

lion (20

ce - by o

ndustry 29%, servi

oyment

(2

below pov

or consumption by

st 1

st 10

ate (consum

(2004

nt (gros

GDP (2

dg

: $13.52

illion, including capi

n (200

ic d

GDP (2

ture -

es, dates, citrus,

ans;

ust

eel, food processing,

me

production

ity - pr

llion kW

urce: fossil fuel: 100% hydro:

ity - co

llion kW

city -

h (2

city -

h (2

prod

on bbl/day

consum

bl/day (2

- ex

- im

roved r

on bbl (

gas - pr

ion cu m

gas - co

ion cu m

gas -

on cu m (

gas -

(2001

s - proved

illion c

account

illion (

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

ed petroleum pro

s - pa

.6%, Spain 11.9%, Tur

00

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

quipment, semi-finishe

cts (

s - pa

1%, South Korea 6.1%,

4.6%

foreign exch

illion (

- ext

illion (

aid - r

llion O

ncy (

dinar

ency

Y

nge r

dollar - 1.305 (2004)

51 (2001), 0

al y

ndar

icatio

- main li

000

s - mobil

000

hone

lecommunications syste

ephone system becam

radio relay, coaxi

and a domestic satelli

at

y code - 218; satelli

, and NA Intersputni

crowave radio relay

to Greece; participan

oadcast

3, shortwa

di

illion

broadcast

low-power rep

visi

000

t count

l

net h

(20

rvice Provi

(2

net u

000

ortati

lwa

on 7 lines totaling 2

o have trains run

hwa

: 83,

: 47,

5,610 km (

eli

; gas 3,611 km; o

and ha

nah, Marsa al Burayqa

wi

ant m

000 GRT or over) 12

uefied gas 3, passeng

roll on/

ed: 1 (Alge

por

2004

with pave

al:

3,047

to 3,0

to 2,4

o 1,5

4 m: 2 (

with unpa

al:

3,047

to 3,0

to 2,4

1,523

m: 18 (2

ipo

004

tary

ry bra

(Army), Navy, Air Forc

vice age and

s of ag

lable for mil

-49: 1,505,6

t for milit

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g military servi

2,034 (2

enditures -

illion

nditures - pe

% (

ional Is

- inter

e than 32,000 sq km i

km in Niger in curre

from the Aozou region r

ast updated on

=======================

chte

tion Lie

kgr

iechtenstein was esta

it became a sovereign

was closely tied to A

that conflict forced

etary union with Switz

stein remained neutra

tstanding economic gr

rsight have resulted i

itutions for money la

ted new anti-money-lau

Mutual Legal Assistan

hy Liec

ati

between Austri

hic coo

N, 9

efere

ro

r

: 160

160

r: 0

compa

s the size of

m border countries: Austria

stl

ubly lan

ime c

(land

im

udy winters with frequ

warm, cloudy

rr

Alps) with Rhine Val

ion ex

t: Ruggelle

int: Graus

l reso

c potential,

: 25% permanent crops

ated

s

al ha

nt - curr

internationa

tion, Air Pollution

Organic Pollutants, A

4, Air Pollution-Volat

e Change, Climate Ch

gered Species, Hazardo

tion,

ot ratified:

aphy

one of only two doubl

of microclimatic varia

Liech

ula

(July 2

stru

.6% (male 2,93

.4% (male 11,79

2% (male 1,685/femal

ian

39.22

38.7

.68 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

,000 populati

gratio

/1,000 populat

ra

1.01 mal

ars: 0.98 m

s: 0.99 ma

over: 0.71

: 0.95 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,00

deaths/1,00

ths/1,000 live b

ectancy

ulation:

75.9

.16 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

A

ople living w

DS - d

onal

echtenst

e: Liech

ic g

Italian, Turkis

igi

, Protestant 7%, unk

ne

gua

cial), Alema

era

10 and over ca

opulati

e:

le:

nt Liech

try

form: Principali

short form:

m: Fuerstentum

t form: Li

nment

utional monarchy o

mentar

pi

a

rative d

en, singular - Gemei

ken, Ruggell, Schaan,

nberg,

pend

cipality of Liechtens

ndence from the H

nal h

on Day,

titu

tobe

l sy

codes; accepts compu

reser

fra

of age;

tive

ce HANS ADAM II (sin

wers 26 August 1984)

rch (born 11 June 1968

erred the official dut

ADAM retains stat

ad of Government Ottma

of Government Rita KIE

0

ed by the parliament,

monarch is hereditary

r of the majority pa

head of government b

t minority party in

ty head of governm

ative

or Landtag (25 seats;

under proportional re

year

11 and 13 March 2005

0

ent of vote by party -

party - FBP

ial b

erster Gerichtshof;

rge

parties an

Fatherland Union) o

Party or FBP [Johannes

Elisabeth TELLENBACH

essure group

organization

ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Int

UNCTAD, UPU,

epresentatio

n: Ambassador C

treet NW, Suite 550W

: [1] (20

] (202)

epresentatio

an embassy in Liech

rland is also accred

descr

ands of blue (top) and

t side of t

Liecht

y - ov

and limited natural r

a prosperous, hig

my with a vital finan

par with its large E

is widely diversified

business taxes - the m

rules have induced ma

o establish nominal of

te revenues. The cou

witzerland and uses

It imports more tha

enstein has been a m

ganization serving a

sociation (EFTA) and t

king to harmonize its

n integrat

asing powe

lion (19

eal gro

1999

per

r parity - $25,

r: agriculture: NA% indust

r fo

are foreigners; 13,000

many to work each da

ce - by o

stry 47.4%, services 5

s

oyment

eptembe

below pov

A

or consumption by

t 10%

st 10

ate (consum

(20

dg

: $424.2

illion, including capi

98

ture -

n, potatoes; lives

ust

anufacturing, dental

products, precision

l inst

production

A

po

billio

- comm

nery, connectors for

ntal products, hardwar

quipment, op

s - pa

%, Austria 9.5%, Franc

8.9%, Switz

po

million

- comm

s, raw materials, ma

odstuffs, mo

s - pa

witze

- ext

(20

aid - r

o

ncy (

fran

ency

H

nge r

ollar - 1.2435 (2004)

76 (2001), 1

al y

ndar

tions Lie

- main li

00 (

s - mobil

00 (

hone

ent: automatic

stic

code - 423; linked to

owave ra

oadcast

, shortwav

di

00 (

broadcast

o Swiss netw

visi

00 (

t count

l

net h

7 (2

rvice Provi

tein and Swit

net u

00 (

ation Lie

250 km paved: 250

erw

m (2

eli

0 km

and ha

o

por

(2004

y Liech

ense is the responsi

al Issues L

- inter

ICJ refused to rule

and property assets

in 1945 as G

cit

y-laundering controls

e to Liechtenstein s

l servic

ast updated on

=======================

thu

ction L

kgr

he two World Wars, Li

11 March 1990, Lithua

o declare its independ

ation until September

w). The last Russian t

restructured its econ

tutions; it joined bot

g of

phy Li

ati

ing the Baltic Sea, be

hic coo

N, 2

efere

ro

r

65,20

: NA

: NA

compa

rger than W

bound

: 1,2

larus 502 km, Latvia

aliningra

stl

9

ime c

rial se

im

n maritime and conti

s and

rr

attered small la

ion ex

int: Balt

t: Juozapine

l reso

arab

5.22% permanent crops: 0

ated

km (19

al ha

on of soil and groundwater with petroleum

ate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protec

aphy

ns are separated by

glacial

e Lit

ula

7 (July

stru

1% (male 297,27

% (male 1,206,731

2% (male 186,979/femal

ian

37.83

35.2

.46 years

ion gro

(200

th

,000 populati

th

1,000 populat

gratio

)/1,000 populat

ra

1.06 mal

ars: 1.05 m

s: 0.95 ma

over: 0.52

: 0.89 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,000

deaths/1,00

ths/1,000 live b

ectancy

ulation:

68.9

.28 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(2001

ople living w

(200

DS - d

n 200 (2

onal

Lithua

ve: Lit

ic g

ish 6.7%, Russian 6.3

2001 c

igi

ussian Orthodox 4.1%,

lical Christian Bap

.5%, none 9.5

gua

) 82%, Russian 8%, P

d 4.4% (20

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

99.6% (2

ment L

try

ng form: Republ

l short for

orm: Lietuvo

ort form

nian Soviet So

nment

entary

pi

ln

rative d

ys, singular - apskr

les, Panevezio, Siau

s, Vi

pend

pendence declared f

t Union recognizes Li

nal h

February (1918); note

lared its independence

ood; 11 March 1990 is

e from the

titu

25 Oct

l sy

tem; legislative acts

tution

fra

of age;

tive

ident Valdas ADAMKUS

remier Algirdas Mykol

y 2

inisters appointed by

on of th

lected by popular vote

June 2004 and 27 Jun

ppointed by the presi

Parl

as ADAMKUS elected pre

52.2%, Kazimier

ative

or Seimas (141 seats,

vote, 70 are elec

members serve

0 and 24 October 2004

0

cent of vote by party

Democrats and Social L

s) 14.6%, For Order

an People's Union) 11.

Farmers and New Dem

meland Union 25, Socia

Social Liberals 11, U

Liberal Democrats 10

pend

ial b

Supreme Court; Court

ppointed by

parties an

Lithuanian Poles [

Union/Conservative

Labor Party [Viktor

nion [Arturas ZUOKAS

lentinas MAZURONIS,

or LKD [Valentinas

nion for a Fair Lithu

Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, c

Labor Party or LDDP an

DP; New Democracy and

E, chairman]; Social

, chairman]; Social

as VAGNORIUS, chairman

ation

essure group

organization

ralia Group, BIS, CBS

IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,

Interpol, IOC, IOM, IS

OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP

, WCO, WEU (member aff

O,

ACKAS chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202

epresentatio

on: Ambassador

600 Akmenu

ican Embassy, Vilnius

9

: [370] (

70] (5)

descr

al bands of yellow (

my Li

y - ov

state that has conduct

ounded from the 1998 R

from 11% in 2003 to

and increased inves

een increasingly orie

embership in the World

004. Privatization of

y in the energy sector

of enterprises have b

s support have helped

d economy to a

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

(2004

per

r parity - $12,

griculture: 6.1% industry: 33.

r fo

lion (20

ce - by o

ndustry 30%, servi

oyment

2004

below pov

by percentage share: lowest 10

f family incom

(19

ate (consum

(2004

nt (gros

GDP (20

dg

: $6.542

illion, including capi

04

ic d

GDP (20

ture -

r beets, flax, vegeta

i

ust

e tools, electric mo

zers, petroleum refini

ing, textiles, food p

y, optical equipment,

ters,

production

2004

ity - pr

llion kW

ce: fossil fuel: 16.5% hydro: 5.

ity - co

llion kW

city -

lion kW

city -

lion kW

prod

l/day (2

consum

bl/day (

- ex

- im

gas - pr

(2001

gas - co

ion cu m

gas -

(2001

gas -

ion cu m

account

llion (2

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

, textiles and cloth

ls 6%, wood and wood p

(20

s - pa

10.2%, Russia 9.3%,

5%, Poland 4.8%, Neth

%, Switzerla

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

, machinery and equi

als 9%, textiles and

00

s - pa

16.7%, Poland 7.7%,

foreign exch

llion (2

- ext

illion (

aid - r

million

ncy (

as

ency

T

nge r

2.7806 (2004), 3.0609

), 4

al y

ndar

ations L

- main li

200

s - mobil

,900

hone

adequate, but is being

nal capability and bet

fiber-optic cable, int

ral exchanges are bein

s are being installed;

many unsatisfied t

icat

y code - 370; landlin

rnational connections

able for further tran

oadcast

42, shortwa

di

llion

broadcast

proximately 27 broadca

ansmitters, including

visi

llion

t count

l

net h

69 (

rvice Provi

(20

net u

700

tation L

lwa

: 1,9

km 1.524-m gauge

uge: 22 km

169 km 0.750

hwa

: 77,

(including 417

7,946 k

erw

km (

eli

331 km; refined pr

and ha

ai

ant m

000 GRT or over) 29

rier 8, cargo 24,

roleum tanker 1, refri

oll

ned: 12 (D

other countr

por

2004

,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m:

al: 74 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,

ry Lit

ry bra

Air Force, National D

KA

vice age and

or compulsory milita

months; 18 years of ag

lable for mil

-49: 830,368

t for milit

-49: 590,606

g military servi

9,689 (2

enditures -

million

nditures - pe

% (

nal Issues

- inter

-Russia land and marit

regime established th

iningrad coastal e

rder demarcation in 20

boundary had been de

ified its 1998 maritim

due to concerns over

the EU's external b

strict Schenge

cit

for opiates and othe

America, and Western E

ed production of metha

y laundering despit

isl

ast updated on

=======================

xem

ction L

kgr

mbourg became a gran

r the Netherlands. It

ium in 1839, but gain

dence was attained in

ended its neutrality

ms Union and when it j

urg became one of the

ic Community (later th

ined the euro

phy Lu

ati

, between Fran

hic coo

N, 6

efere

ro

r

2,586

2,58

r: 0

compa

aller than

border countries: Belgium 148 k

stl

(land

ime c

(land

im

tal with mild win

rr

uplands with broad, sh

us in the north; stee

in in the

ion ex

t: Moselle

int: Buurg

l reso

onger exploite

permanent crops: 0.4% other: 7

ated

ludes Belgium

al ha

nt - curr

n in urban areas, soil

internationa

tion, Air Pollution

Organic Pollutants, A

4, Air Pollution-Volat

e Change, Climate Ch

ngered Species, Hazar

Ozone Layer Protect

83, Tropical Tim

atified: Environm

aphy

only Grand Duc

e Lux

ula

(July 20

stru

9% (male 45,768

5% (male 157,453

.6% (male 27,573/fema

ian

38.51

37.5

.48 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

,000 populati

gratio

)/1,000 popula

ra

1.07 mal

ars: 1.06 m

s: 1.02 ma

over: 0.68

: 0.97 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,000

deaths/1,00

ths/1,000 live b

ectancy

ulation:

75.4

.24 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(2001

ople living w

n 500 (2

DS - d

n 100 (2

onal

uxembou

ve: Lux

ic g

nch and German blend)

, Albania, and Kosovo)

ent w

igi

13% Protestants, Jew

gua

onal language), Ger

nch (administr

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

100% (20

ent Lux

try

g form: Grand Du

l short for

m: Grand Duche

rt form:

nment

utional

pi

emb

rative d

ekirch, Grevenm

pend

m the Net

nal h

day of Grand Duches

titu

868; occasio

l sy

ystem; accepts compu

fra

ge; universal

tive

d Duke HENRI (since

ME (son of the monarch,

rime Minister Jean-Cl

Prime Minister Jean A

0

nisters recommended by

d by the

monarch is heredita

ber of Deputies, the

the majority coalitio

he monarch; the dep

rch; they are respons

pu

ent coalition

ative

Deputies or Chambre

direct popular vote t

13 June 2004 (next to

ent of vote by party -

11.6%, ADR 10%; seats

Green Par

Council of State tha

Deputies; the Council

d Duke on the advice

ial b

ibunals (3 Justices of

Court of Appeals); adm

ecutor's Office, admi

stitutional Court); ju

or life by

parties an

emocracy and Justice o

le's Party or CSV (kn

[Francois BILTGEN]; D

Party [Francois BAUSC

[Alex BODRY]; Marxist

che (the Left) [no fo

r pa

essure group

tion); ALEBA (financia

ederation of agricul

hamber); CGFP (trade u

Commerce (Chamber of

tisans); FEDIL (federa

ade union); OGBL (cen

organization

Group, Benelux, CE, EA

ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICR

Interpol, IOC, IOM, IS

OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA

WCO, WEU, WHO,

epresentatio

Ambassador Arlette

chusetts Avenue NW,

: [1] (20

] (202)

eral: New York a

rvais, L-2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail);

descr

l bands of red (top),

the Netherlands, whic

gn was based on

y Luxe

y - ov

me economy - in betwee

solid growth, low

strial sector, initial

ly diversified to inc

Growth in the financ

% of GDP, has more th

t banks are foreign-o

culture is based on sm

n foreign and cross-b

r force. Although Lu

from the global econ

rdinarily high s

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

(2004

per

r parity - $58,

griculture: 0.5% industry: 16.

r fo

00 are foreign cross-b

nce, Belgium, and

ce - by o

dustry 13%, servic

oyment

cember,

below pov

A

or consumption by

t 10%

st 10

ate (consum

(2004

nt (gros

GDP (20

dg

: $13.74

illion, including capi

n (200

ture -

es, wheat, fruits, w

od

ust

teel, food processi

ng, tires, glass, a

, tourism

production

(2004

ity - pr

llion kW

e: fossil fuel: 57.3% hydro: 25.2

ity - co

llion kW

city -

lion kW

city -

lion kW

prod

ay (200

consum

bl/day (

- ex

l/day

- im

bbl/day

gas - pr

(2001

gas - co

on cu m (

gas -

(2001

gas -

on cu m (

po

lion f.o.

- comm

ment, steel product

cts,

s - pa

20.1%, Belgium 10.2%

Netherland

po

lion c.i.

- comm

foodstuffs, qual

s - pa

22.6%, China 12.6%, F

% (

- ext

N

c aid -

7 millio

ncy (

o (

9, the European Moneta

ency to be used by fi

1 January 2002, the

y transactions withi

ency

U

nge r

0.8054 (2004), 0.886

001), 1.0

al y

ndar

ations L

- main li

400

s - mobil

000

hone

highly developed, co

stem, mainly

cellular telephone

ry code - 352; 3 cha

e cable (Europe

oadcast

, shortwav

di

000

broadcast

(1

visi

0 (199

t count

l

net h

14 (

rvice Provi

(2

net u

000

tation L

ard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gau

hwa

: 5,2

(including 126 k

d: 0 k

erw

Moselle Ri

eli

55 km

and ha

rt

ant m

000 GRT or over) 65

er 16, container 6, li

6, roll on/roll off

lgium 12, Finland 3,

4, United St

por

004

with pave

ta

7 m: 1 (2

with unpa

ta

4 m: 1 (

ipo

004

ry Lux

ry bra

r

unteer force; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers u

lable for mil

-49: 110,867

t for milit

7-49: 90,27

g military servi

,775 (20

enditures -

million

nditures - pe

% (

nal Issues

internati

ast updated on

=======================

ac

uction

kgr

tuguese in the 16th

ent in the Far East. P

ortugal on 13 April 1

trative Region (SAR)

ed that, under its "on

list economic system w

will enjoy a high de

n and defense affairs

aphy

ati

dering the South

hic coo

N, 1

efere

heas

r

: 25.

25.4

r: 0

compa

s the size of

al: 0.34 km regional

stl

1

ime c

spec

im

ne with cool wint

rr

rall

ion ex

t: South Ch

nt: Coloane

l reso

E

nt crops: 0% other: 100% note: "g

ated

s

al ha

ph

nt - curr

aphy

e causeway and two br

and Taipa to the pe

le M

ula

(July 20

stru

% (male 39,564

1% (male 160,957

9% (male 14,713/femal

ian

: 35.

34.9

.4 years (

ion gro

(200

th

,000 populati

th

,000 populati

gratio

)/1,000 popula

ra

1.07 mal

ars: 1.07 m

s: 0.91 ma

over: 0.71

: 0.92 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,000

deaths/1,00

ths/1,000 live b

ectancy

ulation:

79.2

.09 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

ople living w

DS - d

onal

: Ch

ive: C

ic g

se (mixed Portuguese

3% (2001

igi

atholic 15%, none and

gua

kkien 4.4%, Mandari

%, other 3%

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

92% (2

nment

try

orm: Macau Special

al short f

men Tebie Xingzheng

Especial de Mac

Aomen (Chinese);

ency s

nistrative r

nment

ed de

rative d

dministrative r

pend

dministrative r

nal h

ary of the Founding of

1949); note - 20 Decem

dministrative Regi

titu

in March 1993 by Chi

Macau's "mini

l sy

tuguese civi

fra

rs of age, universal f

e past seven years; in

tered as "corporate vo

-member Election Comm

nicipal organizations,

di

tive

ent of China HU Jintao

hief Executive Edmund

mber

uncil consists of one

r businessmen, and on

tive chosen by a 300-m

two five

und HO Hau-wah reelec

Election Committee o

blank ballots; 1

ative

e Council or LEGCO (2

direct vote, and seven

mbers serve f

26 September 2005 (ne

ent of vote - Developm

%, Macau United Citize

ciation 18.2%, others

nion 2, Macau Develop

iation 2, New Democrat

Forces 2, others 2

ess groups; seven memb

cut

ial b

l in Macau Special A

parties an

[Jose Maria Pereira

]; Macau Development

Citizens' Associatio

iation [Antonio NG Kuo

ade

essure group

organization

Interpol (sub-bureau

, UPU, WCO, WMO, W

epresentatio

dministrative r

epresentatio

in Macau; US interes

e General i

descr

tus flower above a st

rc of five gold, five-

f arc and f

omy

y - ov

nomy has remained one

sion to China in 1999

of the economy. Althou

financial crisis and

w 9.5% in 2002 and 15

of 2004, Macau regist

n 20 percent. A rapid

cause of China's eas

blic works expenditu

sociated with the lib

the recovery. The bu

se of the surge in vi

ling profits, which g

he three companies aw

t $2.2 billion in the

of Macau's textile in

Fiber Agreement is pha

on gambling and trad

ew casinos were opened

elopment of new infras

au's hosting of the 20

ion sector. The Close

een Macau and mainlan

04 offers many Macau-m

d, and the range of p

panded on 1

asing powe

illion

eal gro

% (2

per

wer parity -

agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7

r fo

3rd Quart

ce - by o

onstruction 8%, transp

il trade 16.2%, restau

sector 8.8%, other se

(200

oyment

d Quarte

below pov

or consumption by

st 1

st 10

ate (consum

quarte

dg

s: $1.8

illion, including cap

00

ture -

is cultivated, mainly

rustaceans, is import

; most food requireme

ily fr

ust

thing, textiles, elect

production

ity - pr

llion kW

urce: fossil fuel: 100% hydro:

ity - co

llion kW

city -

ion kW

city -

llion kW

prod

ay (200

consum

bl/day (

- ex

- im

po

o.b., including

- comm

otwear, toys, electron

s - pa

Germany 8.3%, Hong Ko

po

lion c.i.

- comm

emi-manufactured go

, tobacco), capital go

i

s - pa

g 10.6%, Japan 9.6%,

US 4.1

- ext

illion

aid - r

ncy (

ca (

ency

O

nge r

- 8.022 (2004), 8.02

001), 8.

al y

ndar

icatio

- main li

600

s - mobil

000

hone

fairly modern comm

omestic and inte

stic

code - 853; HF radiot

ternational communicat

ina; satellite earth

ian

oadcast

, shortwav

di

000

broadcast

(2

visi

00 (

t count

m

net h

(20

rvice Provi

(2

net u

000

ortati

1 km paved: 341 km

and ha

a

por

004

runways: total: 1 over

tary

ry bra

olutionary Army (PLA

several police forces

M) that are subordi

y, a body comparable t

00

lable for mil

-49: 112,744

t for milit

8-49: 91,29

ional Is

internati

ast updated on

=======================

ced

ction M

kgr

nition of Macedonia

s delayed by Greece's

it considered a Hell

d its trade blockade

rmalize relations, alt

in. The undetermined

of the Framework Agre

rmed insurgency - and

lenges for

phy Ma

ati

Europe, nor

hic coo

N, 2

efere

ro

r

25,33

24,856

: 477

compa

larger th

bound

l: 7

ania 151 km, Bulgaria

d Montene

stl

(land

ime c

(land

im

d autumns and relati

y sn

rr

covered with deep ba

ided by a frontier li

ardar

ion ex

nt: Vardar

lem Korab (Maja e

l reso

copper, lead, zinc,

silver, asbestos, gyps

2.26% permanent crops: 1

ated

km (199

al ha

eismic

nt - curr

from metallu

internationa

ion, Biodiversity, C

Endangered Species, H

e Layer Prote

ified: none of the

aphy

sportation corridor fr

a and Southern Euro

e Mac

ula

2 (July

stru

5% (male 217,05

7% (male 707,489

.8% (male 97,117/fema

ian

: 32.

31.7

.9 years (

ion gro

(200

th

000 populati

th

,000 populati

gratio

)/1,000 popula

ra

1.08 mal

ars: 1.07 m

s: 1.02 ma

over: 0.78

n: 1 male(s)/fe

mortali

deaths/1,00

deaths/1,00

ths/1,000 live b

ectancy

ulation:

71.2

.37 years

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

n 0.1% (

ople living w

n 200 (2

DS - d

n 100 (2

onal

Macedo

ve: Mac

ic g

anian 25.2%, Turkish

r 2.2% (20

igi

32.4%, other Christi

pecified 50.5

gua

nian 25.1%, Turkish 3.

r 1.8% (20

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

94.1% (2

ment M

try

ng form: Republ

form: Macedonia; no

e UN, EU, and NATO is

edonia

orm: Republi

rt form:

ublic of Macedonia,

edo

nment

entary

pi

op

rative d

tini, singular - opsti

ola, Bogdanci, Bogovin

Skopje), Caska, Centar

vo, Debar, Debartsa,

n, Dolneni, Drugovo

trov (Skopje), Gosti

arpos (Skopje), Kavada

nce, Kratovo, Kriva

kovo, Lozovo, Makedons

a, Mogila, Negotino, N

rovec, Plasnica, Pril

man, Saraj (Skopje),

ruga, Strumica, Stud

, Tearce, Tetovo, Vala

stica, Vrapciste, Zaja

no

palities followed by

constitute "g

pend

eferendum by regist

nce from

nal h

(1903); note - also k

nd Il

titu

1991, effective 20 N

series of new const

ning mino

l sy

ystem; judicial revi

fra

of age;

tive

dent Branko CRVENKOVS

Prime Minister Vlado

mber

inisters elected by t

sembly; note - current

ition parties S

lected by popular vote

t held 14 April and 28

e minister elected by

ber 2002 (next to

ranko CRVENKOVSKI e

percent of vote - Bra

ado BUCKOVSKI elected

se

ative

r Sobranie (120 seats

y lists based on the p

in each of six elector

year

15 September 2002 (ne

ent of vote by party -

a coalition 60 (SDSM

and LDT 5), Democrati

f Albanians 7, Party f

ic Party 1, Socialis

ial b

ssembly appoints the

appoints the judges

Assembly appoi

parties an

avle TRAJANOV]; Democr

resident]; Democratic

ocratic Party of Alban

emocratic Party of Ser

urks [Kenan HASIPI];

DRUM [Dosta DIMOVSKA

leader NA]; Democratic

ETI]; Internal Mace

Party or VMRO-Agrarian

volutionary Organizati

nity or VMRO-DPMNE (i

; Internal Macedo

cedonian Option or V

ternal Macedoni

ian [Boris STOJMENOV

ation-People's Party

r Democracy [Gjorgi

P [Risto PENOV]; Liber

rty or PDK [Basri HALI

]; Party for Democrati

Social Democratic Al

president]; Socialist

president]; Together

nd LDP) [Vlado BUCKOV

or OPE [Nez

essure group

edonia [Gordana SILJA

tlantic Integratio

organization

PC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, I

ILO, IMF, IMO, Interp

OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN,

, WHO, WIPO,

V chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1]

Bul. Ilindenska bb, 1000 Skopje mailing address: American Embassy Skopje, Department of State, 712

descr

ht broadening rays ex

red

my Ma

y - ov

September 1991, Mac

slav republics, produ

t of goods and serv

sfer payments from th

ion in a de facto free

sanctions on the down-

and a Greek economic

nstitutional name and

P subsequently rose e

p's commitment to econ

tion was undermined

he economy shrank 4.5

rder closures, increas

vestor uncertainty. Gr

e by a moderate 3.4% i

loyment at one-third o

problem. Much of the

outside offic

asing powe

llion (2

eal gro

(2004

per

er parity - $7

agriculture: 11.2% industry:

r fo

0 (200

ce - by o

%, industry NA

oyment

quarter,

below pov

(200

or consumption by

t 10%

st 10

ate (consum

(2004

nt (gros

GDP (20

dg

: $1.198

illion, including capi

n (200

ic d

GDP (20

ture -

, tobacco, corn, mi

us, vegetables; beef,

ust

um, lead, zinc, ferro

o, food processi

production

2004

ity - pr

llion kW

ce: fossil fuel: 83.7% hydro: 16

ity - co

llion kW

city -

h (2

city -

lion kW

prod

ay (200

consum

bl/day (

- ex

- im

account

llion (2

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

co; miscellaneous manu

s - pa

31.4%, Germany 19.9%

US 4.9

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

ment, chemicals, fu

omo

s - pa

13.1%, Serbia and Mont

1%, Turkey 6%, Ro

foreign exch

lion (20

- ext

illion (

aid - r

lion (20

ncy (

ian den

ency

K

nge r

US dollar - 49.41 (200

04 (2001),

al y

ndar

ations M

- main li

000

s - mobil

000

hone

assess

stic

al: country

oadcast

20, shortw

di

000

broadcast

66 repeate

visi

000

t count

m

net h

8 (2

rvice Provi

(2

net u

000

tation M

ard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gau

hwa

: 8,6

(including 133 k

3,144 km

eli

m; oil 12

por

2004

with pave

al:

to 3,0

4 m: 8 (

with unpa

ta

o 1,5

4 m: 4 (

ry Mac

ry bra

of Macedonia (ARM;

se Co

ed out by 2007; current tour of conscript duty is 6 months;

lable for mil

-49: 498,259

t for milit

-49: 411,156

g military servi

6,686 (2

enditures -

ion (FY01

nditures - pe

Y01/0

nal Issues

- inter

osovo object to demar

ordance with the 2000

on agreement; Greece

Macedonia or Rep

nternally disp

conflict in 2001; mo

00

cit

oint for Southwest As

r South American cocai

activity is thought t

ey laundering is a pr

weak enforcement (no

launderi

ast updated on

=======================

dag

ction M

kgr

t kingdom, Madagascar

its independence in 19

onal Assembly electio

rule. In 1997, in th

, the leader during th

idency. The 2001 pre

e followers of Didie

causing secession of

onstitutional Court an

nn

phy Ma

ati

nd in the Indian Ocea

hic coo

S, 4

efere

ri

r

587,0

581,54

5,500

compa

than twice the

bound

stl

82

ne: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental

im

ast, temperate in

rr

n, high plateau and

ion ex

nt: Indian

nt: Maromok

l reso

coal, bauxite, sal

tones, mica, f

.07% permanent crops: 1.

ated

q km (20

al ha

s, drought, and

zing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organ

internationa

ty, Climate Change,

ion, Endangered Specie

ife Conservation, Oz

tl

ified: none of the

aphy

island; strategic loc

an

e Mad

ula

1 (July 2

stru

(male 4,051,832/

% (male 4,657,346

(male 247,146/female

ian

17.46

17.2

.67 years

ion gro

(200

th

1,000 populat

th

1,000 populat

gratio

1,000 populat

ra

1.03 mal

ears: 1 ma

s: 0.98 ma

over: 0.83

: 0.99 male(s)/f

mortali

deaths/1,00

deaths/1,000

aths/1,000 live

ectancy

ulation:

54.5

.4 years (

ertilit

n born/woman

adult preva

(2003

ople living w

0 (200

DS - d

(200

fectious

of ri

iseases: bacterial a

A, and typ

malaria and plague a

ati

isease: schisto

onal

sy (singular

ive: M

ic g

rina and related Bets

nesian, and Arab anc

Sakalava), French, I

igi

fs 52%, Christia

gua

cial), Malag

era

15 and over ca

opulati

e:

62.5% (2

ent Mad

try

ng form: Republ

l short for

rm: Republiqu

rt form:

Malagasy

nment

pu

pi

nana

rative d

); Antananarivo, Ants

, Toamasi

pend

1960 (fr

nal h

ce Day, 26

titu

92 by nation

l sy

law system and traditi

compulsory IC

fra

of age;

tive

ident Marc RAVALOMAN

Prime Minister Jacqu

Ministers appointed

lected by popular vote

December 2001 (next to

r appointed b

ent of vote - Didier R

LOMANANA

ative

consists of a National

members are directly e

terms) and a Senate

s filled by regional a

pular vote; the remai

president; all member

rm

sembly - last held 15

ld NA

ional Assembly - perc

TIM 103, FP 22, AREMA

3, indep

ial b

Supreme; High Consti

nstitut

parties an

Rebirth of Madagas

Liberalism and Democr

ilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHA

AMASY]; I Love Mada

al of the Social Dem

iste

essure group

ense of Truth and Jus

ation or CRN [Albert Z

ian Churc

organization

DB, AU, FAO, G-77, I

CRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,

OM, ISO (correspondent

NHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL

WTo

epresentatio

: Ambassador Raj

chusetts Avenue NW,

[1] (202) 2

] (202)

s) general

epresentatio

n: Ambassador W

Rainitovo, Antsahav

B. P. 620, Antsah

(20) 22-212-57, 2

1] (20)

descr

bands of red (top) an

the same width

y Mada

y - ov

socialist economic p

ollowed a World Bank

beralization. This s

d steady growth path

cluding fishing and fo

ting for more than

opulation. Exports of

due to duty-free acce

ion, aggravated by the

are serious concerns.

ly to revive the econ

ich triggered a 12%

combating corruption w

licy for the n

asing powe

illion (

eal gro

(2004

per

er parity - $8

agriculture: 29.3% industry:

r fo

llion

below pov

2004

or consumption by

st 1

10%: 2

f family incom

1 (

ate (consum

(2004

nt (gros

GDP (20

dg

: $783.7

illion, including capi

n (200

ture -

cane, cloves, cocoa, r

, peanuts; liv

ust

p, breweries, tanner

tomobile assembly pla

ur

production

2000

ity - pr

llion kW

ce: fossil fuel: 36.1% hydro: 63

ity - co

llion kW

city -

h (2

city -

h (2

prod

ay (200

consum

bl/day (

- ex

- im

roved r

1 Janua

s - proved

(1 Janu

account

illion (2

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

ellfish, sugar; cot

eum pr

s - pa

ce 30.8%, Germ

po

ion f.o.b.

- comm

petroleum, cons

s - pa

9.7%, Hong Kong 6.6%

h Africa 5

foreign exch

illion (

- ext

illion

aid - r

illion

ncy (

car ari

ency

G

nge r

S dollar - 1,868.9 (2

1,317.7 (2001)

al y

ndar

ations M

- main li

00 (

s - mobil

500

hone

system is above av

ines, coaxial cables,

c scatter links

ry code - 261; subma

tions - 1 Intelsat

(Atlantic O

oadcast

repeater stations), F

di

illion

broadcast

6 repeate

visi

000

t count

m

net h

(2

rvice Provi

(2

net u

00 (

tation M

km narrow gauge: 732

km paved: 5,780 km unpav

erw

km (

and ha

ahajanga, Toam

ant m

000 GRT or over) 1

passenger/cargo 2,

other countr

por

2004

,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m:

al: 87 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,

ry Mad

ry bra

: Intervention Force,

nd Air) Force; Na

vice age and

); conscript service

00

lable for mil

-49: 3,542,7

t for milit

-49: 2,218,6

g military servi

87,000 (

enditures -

millio

nditures - pe

% (

nal Issues

- inter

a, Europa Island, Glo

(all administ

cit

annabis (cultivated a

onsumption; transship

ast updated on

=======================

al

uction

kgr

the British protector

n of Malawi in 1964.

President Hastings Ka

ons in 1994, under a p

effect the following

ected in May 2004 afte

constitution to perm

s authority against hi

litical party. MATHAR

veral high-level arres

, population growth,

HIV/AIDS pose major pr

aphy

ati

frica, eas

hic coo

S, 3

efere

ri

r

118,4

94,080

24,40

compa

aller than

order countries: Mozambique 1,569

stl

(land

ime c

(land

im

eason (November to Ma

emb

rr

eau with rolling plai