such a nature that I need not occupy your time with th

e which every man of the world knows to be the commonest of virtues among certain classes; its strength rested upon purely physical qualifications which have long ago practically ceased to be strength; its contempt for dandyism was itself only a cruder dandyism, and its proposed substitution of power for beauty not only an artistic blindness but a historical er

"experiment" were used by this school in its ordinary and scientific sense, it would, in a large number of cases, involve conditions which would exterminate the authors of the projected experimental romances often at an early stage of the plot; but that secondly, this inconvenience was avoided

own in modern times as the scientific imagination and the poetic imagination, we determined to regard the novel as a true work of art, and the novelist as an artist, by reason of the created forms in the novel which were shown to be the distinctive outcome of the poetical imagination as opposed to the formula which is the distinctive outcome of the scientific imagination. Neve

esented by the names of their living founders, and which would, indeed, have prevented your present lecturer from engaging in the discussion had not his reluctance been overwhelmed by the sacred duty of protesting against al

nto the concrete as soon as possible, let us determine this question by endeavoring to find some special notable works of antique and of modern times in which substantially the same subject matter has been treated; let us then compare the difference in treatment, let us summarize the picture of things evidently existing in the old, as contrasted with the modern author's and reader's minds; and finally let us see whether the differences thus emerging will not force themselves upon us as differences growing out of personality. For the purposes of this comparison I have thought that the Prometheus Bound of ?schylus, the Prometheus Unbound of Shelley, and the Prince Deukalion of Bayard Taylor offered inviting resources as works which treat substantially the same story, although the first was written some two thousand three hundred years before the last two. Permit me then, in be

new to ea

is tender p

circle of

hought that

grows he g

the use of

'I am not

han the thi

he to a se

clear memo

frame that

tion grow

lie in bloo

re fruitless

o learn h

second birt

quite clearly the principle whose light I wish to shed upon our comparison of the works I have named. Just as the child learns to know himself-"that I am I"-so man comes in the course of

ain the world, whether the moral or the physical world, we must suppose it divisible into atoms; to explain the atom, we must suppose that indivisible. Let us see then in what form this "pain of the divisible, indivisible world" with all its attendant pains of contradiction between fate and free will,-between the Infinite Personality, which should seem boundless, and the finite personality which nevertheless seems to bound it,-let us see, I say under what exp

most bound of ea

oil, this wild

w Jove's high

se steep, cliffy

ked chains of

ch. For he the b

of ar

e gods and gave

learn to bow t

ll but love the

otests, not only because Prometheus' act seems ov

at some

cr

rawn t

this

h Might

s may be,

e gods. There's

only

y acquiesces, as he b

it, and

great blacksmith proceeds to force an adamantine bolt through the breast of P

e's fettered,

have his last p

ere

exu

pride on th

gifts for morta

om these woes? Tho

the Pr

theus, he who looks ahead,

soul p

thy name, thou

s, and had'st unwo

ed a proud silence. He now breaks into that large invocation which see

r, and swift-

f the rivers an

ocean, and

us all, and t

eeing Sun, y

gnominy of ca

m the gods,

side the pale of moral law-like umbrellas-and which they have therefore appropriated without a thought of bl

exciting sympathy for the Protagonist, and of calling upon him for information when it becomes neces

h the sufferer, ?schylus makes them the medium of drawing from Prometheus the recital of his wr

ak

he ch

know the w

rges the

metheus

gods their fata

n raged in heav

ronos from hi

eign, and others

mastery-I wis

sons of primal

ave i

n my plans, I

re, leagued with

roffered friendshi

val throne was

Tartarean, da

is troop o

at on his an

gods togethe

air allotment

t, ah! for

ortion fell

mory from the

ew. I only

ll; and, but fo

med, and hopel

reathe. Such w

in cunning tor

e inglorio

, reciting the sympathy of all nations and things with Prometheus, he proceeds to relate in detail his ministry in behalf of mankind. The account which he gives of the primal condition of the human race is

whole human race at that time a

aw not, And hearing, heard not

they led fro

undering on. No

bu

dark earth

I taught the

ting thoughts by

ervice, launches the first boat on the sea, tea

robed t

ts hidden

er, silver

one short word

ught all arts

OR

, but do it wi

u harm thyself?

from these hars

ghty, as great

MET

; the destined

t accomp

strong, necess

OR

ord of stron

MET

es and the sure

OR

e himself must

MET

hers Jove can '

OR

dread mystery

e-ve

MET

e truth th

ason; now it

rkness; for r

oo this secret

is own downfall through an unfortunate marriage, and Prometheus is in

or Juno, had transformed her into a cow, and had doomed her to wander over the world stung by an inexpugnable gadfly, and watched by the hundred-eyed Argus. Thus, suddenly

this? What ra

desert? Wh

ith these wi

t crime tor

eary with

e my feet ha

in! it stings an

fly!-save me, O

hadow of the ea

rave close up t

ou mus

th with thy su

ed fro

why wilt thou

nderer on the w

e over. In this prophetic account of her travels, ?schylus gives a soul-expanding review of land after land according to the geographic and ethnic notions of his time; and here Mr

ossed the narrow

, to the far f

ceed, the high

sounding ocean,

he Gorgon plai

aughters, maids

an, with one ey

hree; them Ph?b

or the nightly

sters dwell, th

sters, snaky-l

er might look

e more sig

he eye with

Griffins, hound

bark not; and t

horsemen wit

nks of golden-

nd, a swarth

near the foun

thiop's wave. T

ry feet shall

Bybline height

brious flood.

ngled Egypt gu

e awaits thee

nstorie

arch of Egypt, is born, who will be-through the fifty daughters celebrated in The Suppliants of

rsts into a hymn deploring such ill-matched unions as tha

appears, and tauntingly counsels surrender, only to be as tauntingly repulsed by Prometheus; and, after a sharp passage of wits between these two, accompan

and not in

m earth

ud the ambi

d the flari

s fiery cur

rlwind roll

nds from r

elementa

is destroyed

w the tyr

rded wrath

er, worship

?ther tha

e common

dest these

light upon, made by a certain Mr. Newton, who published an elaborate work a few years ago in defence of the strictly vegetable diet. Mr. Newton would not have us misapply fire to cookery; and in this line of thought he interprets the old fable that Prometheus stole fire from heaven and was punished by being chained to Caucasus with a vulture to gnaw his liver. The simple fact, says our vegetarian, is that "Prometheus first taught the use of animal food, and of fire with which to rend

he average man who sat in his audience, and who listened to these matters with favor, who accepted this picture of gods and men without rebellion. My argument is, that if this average man's sense of personality had not been most feeble

armament; but how much better off is Vulcan for that? he can never step upon a higher plane,-he is to all eternity simply Vulcan, armorer to Jove. And so Hermes or Mercury may carry messages eternally, but no more; his faculty and apparatus go to that end and no farther. But these limitations are intolerable to the modern personality. The very conception of personality seems to me to imply a conception of growth. If I do one thing to-day, another to-morrow,

st witless boor who gazes open-mouthed at the gigantic Prometheus. But if we here descend from the gods, to the men, of this picture, we find Prometheus

h, crawling cave-dwellers to whom he communicated the first idea of every useful art. The denial of all power in man

ended, as it were, at a certain point of growth, there to hang forever. And in this view the whole multitudinous people, divine and human, of the whole Greek cyclics, seem to me as

of his own life that he finds the youth happy because though he can never succeed in his chase he can never fall any farthe

th the trees, tho

ever can those

ever, never c

ear the goal! Ye

though thou ha

thou love and

getic personalities of modern times,-personalities which will not accept any youth's happiness of being howsoever near to his love if that happines

the antique imagination took great delight, not all unshared, it must be confessed, by later times, fails to please the modern personality. For example in Chaucer's poem called Aetas

seems this

fe, a peseabl

eplis in the

paied with the

feldes gafe

st hawys and

watyr of the

und not woundyd

range onsowe o

ew the furous

ier owt of t

yst offence of

w man whiche wa

arfe the wawys

it ne fet owt

alys chambris

in wodes so

blessyd folk

vys in parfite

the hauberke

pepyl, voyd

fantasye

em wold oder

one envy, n

taylage by

pease, good fay

Jupiter th

was fadyr o

world, ne Nem

e not made hys

now may men

ays is is not

e, treson,

awtyr, mordre i

thusaleh's life in this golden land where nature does not offer enough resistance to educe manhood or to furnish material for art, and where there is absolutely no room, no chance, no need, no conception of this personality that if rightly felt makes the humblest life one

owever, do not suffice, but Heph?stus must be summoned in order to nail him to the rocks; and Jove cannot even learn whether or not his prisoner is repentant until Hermes, the messenger, visits Prometheus and returns. The modern ego which, though one indivisible, impalpable unit, yet remembers, reasons, imagines, loves, hates, fears and does a thousand more things all within its little scope, without appliances or

dern reader to find himself at all properly terror-stricken by the purely physical paraphernalia of thunder, of storms,

t knows further that it is to end (as Prometheus himself declares in the play), in his own triumph. Under these circumstances the whole array of whirlwinds and lightnings become a mere pin-scratch; the whole business is a matter of that purely physical pain which every man is ashamed to make a noise of. We can conceive a mere man fronting all these terrors of storm and thunder with unbowed head and serene countenance, in the consciou

that of ourselves. The modern conception, I refer to is Keats' Ode on Melancholy; which, indeed, if one may say a word obiter, out of the fullness of one's heart-I am often inclined to think for all-in-all, that is, for thoughts most mortally compacted, for words wh

MELAN

ot to Lethe,

ht-rooted, for i

y pale forehe

e, ruby grape

r rosary of

eetle, nor th

Psyche, nor

your sorrow

hade will come

wakeful anguis

melancholy

eaven like a

he droop-heade

green hill in

sorrow on a

nbow of the s

ealth of gl

tress some ri

soft hand, an

deep upon her

h Beauty-Beaut

e hand is eve

; and aching

son while the

very temple

holy has her

ne save him whose

grape against

taste the sadne

her cloudy