o

federation of all the provinces under something like the American system was the only solution; and with, for the most part, the cordial co?peration of the maritime provinces, the great scheme was carried through, and the new dominion launched in 1867. Each province retained its local auton

Imperial Parliament. The new capital was fixed at Bytown, a small town up the Ottawa well removed from the frontier, fairly central to all the provinces, and felicitously rechristened Ottawa. Here were erected the stately houses of parliament for senate

w Brunswick and also made provision for the admission of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, British Columbia, etc., when such admission should be deemed advisable

, British Columbia and Manitoba (not then organi

t Office. The Act passed for the regulation of the postal service is a lengthy one and the only provisions of special interest to us as philatelists, those relating to the rates of postage,-are more clearly and definitely tabulated in a Depar

r" includes Pac

chargeable for the conveyance of Post L

ns any country not included in

nveyance of Letters, Packets or other things, within a

veyance of Letters, Packets and other things by Post w

yance by which Post Letters are carr

by British Packet Boats, between the United Kingdom and British North America:-And th

ted by Post:-And a letter shall be deemed a Post Letter from the time of its being deposited or de

stal Service of Canada" dealt chiefly with the rates of postage and as these are importa

RATES OF

tt

of Canada, a uniform rate (irrespective of distance), of three

nd any place in the United States, 6 cents per ?

nada Packets, to or from Quebec in summer, or Portland in w

a New York Packet,

, if prepaid, 3 cents per ? oz.; i

and, to be in all cases

d Vancouver Island, in all cases

, to be in all cases pr

aper

ace in Canada at the following rates, if paid quarterly in advance, either by the Publisher, at the Post O

once a week, 5 cents

ed twice a week, 10

hed three times, 1

hed six times, 30

ter receiving payment must be careful to have the papers so

isher at the office of posting or by the subscriber at the office o

the United States, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland, may be forwarded, on prepayment at the Offi

ers in Canada and publishers in the United States, Prince Edward Island a

the Office of publication, and when addressed to any place within the Dominion, to the United Kingdom, to

nada will be subject to the f

mail packet to Quebec, Halifa

ited States (New Yo

be rated at the Canada Frontier, or exchange

y regular subscribers in Canada from the Office of publicatio

Papers-two

m and the United States, will thus be the same as those charged in the United K

Newspapers free, and United States Newspapers unpaid, such papers in the

s, Prices Current, Hand

Edward Island, Newfoundland or the United States, will be one cent per ounce, to be prepaid by Postage Stamp; and

al Publi

sland, Newfoundland or the United States,

in Canada, when received for the United St

place within the Dominion, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland or the United States may,

have for some time past been exempted from postage when exclusively devoted to the education of youth, to temperance, agriculture and science, or for other reasons, it is ordered, that with respect to periodicals which do now enjoy

el P

arcel Post, will be 12? cents

t exceeding 8

not exceeding

not exceeding 2

o the limit

anuscript, and Other

r insertion), Printers' Proof Sheets, whether corrected or not, Maps, Prints, Drawings, Engravings, Music, whether printed or written, packages of Seeds, Cuttings, Root

ge St

ng rates, the following denominations of Postage Stamps for use throughout th

ent St

cent

o. } All b

do. } devic

o. } of He

d a half

n cent

t, in prepayment of letters, etc., for a reasonable time after the 1st. of April; but fr

r-General, the Speaker or Chief Clerk of the Senate or of the House of Commons, Parliamentary papers,

wspapers, which had to be prepaid, the regular 3c letter rate, the 6c rate to the United States, and 15c for the new British Packet rate made necessary the issue of these four values in addition to the 1c, 2c, and 12?c denominations, which were retained. All these stamps were printed by the line-engraved process, as in the case of the earlier issues, the sheets consisting of one hun

thin parallel line, its entire width being but one millimeter, while its length is about 51 mm. It occurs but once on a side, being placed against the middle two stamps (numbers 5

F CENT, in shaded Roman capitals 4 mm. high, the whole being about 40 mm. long. Presumably the same thing, varied for each denomination, occurs on other values of

on a background of horizontal lines within a circle, but the ornamentation and disposition of the inscriptions and numerals of value in the surrounding frame

nth in noticing the 15c-the first of the set to appear-bears a resemblance to that of the lower values of Nova Scotia, but shows the Queen's head turned to the right. The new "British American Bank Note Company, of Montreal and Ottawa", has done well to copy so good a device, and certainly has not spoilt it, as the English engravers did in the four penny South Australian. Moreover, whilst retaining the central figure, by enclosing it in a differently-

ck 3 cents

l red 6

n 12? "

ents

be paid by senders. "Proprietors of journals," says the Quebec Chronicle, "find it hard enough at present to collect the simple subscription, without demanding postage in advance. People who writhe at present under the payment of their bare paper account, will find forwarding postage, in advance, an excruciating sacrifice." The 2 cents is no doubt primarily intended for soldiers' letters. The 3 cents pays the new single ra

e, but, as is so frequently the case with mauves, lilacs and violets, tint variations were soon noticed. Shades varying from deep red lilac to grey and blue-grey are known. It is difficult to draw the line, in some instances, between true shades and "fades" but the grey would appear to be undoubtedly a true color variety and one th

, having a very large number of varieties of paper, all quite distinct, and specimens of some are of considerable rarity." Mr. King then lets himself go and describes some seventeen varieties of paper but, with the exception of two well marked varieties to which we shall make extended reference shortly, they all seem to

stamps were known at least as early as 1870 and much speculation was rife as to their meaning. Mr. John N. Luff finally solved th

OTHWELL C

st therefore have been used sometime during the course of the year 1868, probably the middle, when supplies of all values except the ?c were printed." But we fail to find from any evidence so far adduced that this watermarked paper was in use only during some well defined period. The fact that it is not found in connection with the ?c proves nothing for this value was of a different size from the others and doubtless paper of a different size, but the same quality was used so as to prevent unnecessary w

his watermark seems to us to possess no interest whatever. It is evidently entirely unofficial, and

te unintentional, it is a distinct variation from the normal wove which cannot be ignored by specialists, though we hardly think it is entitled to rank as a "major" variety as shown by the classification followed in Scott's catalogue. The 3c was discovered first and was mentioned

mp, emission of 1868, on laid paper. In looking through my Canadian varieties, after read

py of the 1c postmarked November 27th, 1868, and the 3c is known dated August 31st, 1868, all of which points to the early use of this laid paper. The 15c on "thin paper, horizontally laid" was mentioned in the American Journal of Philately for October, 1892, on the authority of

ibbed" varieties for all values on both thin and thick soft paper but, as in the case of the earlier Canadian stamps found on ribbed paper

variety of perforation in the 2c, 3c, 6c, 12?c and 15c denominations in which the measurement is 11? × 12. Whether a machine with a gauge of 11? was in temporary use at some time or other is uncertain but if such was the case it seems strange that no copies are known perf. 11? all round or perf. 12 × 11?. Even if it were due to a slight

rforate and Mr. Howes records the ?c as exist

halves of which are known to have done postal duty as 3c. These appear to have been entirely unauthorized

ence

British American Bank Note Company

ack. Scot

n red. Scot

een, Scot

d, Scott'

own, Scot

lue, Scott

lac, Scott

ray, Scot