is held that a clear unbranched outline is essential to a well-formed root crop of every kind, whenever a crop becomes fingered-and-toed, it is looked upon as a disease. It must be understood tha

wo states may be briefl

and-Toe

old. (See figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.) Root infested with irregular nodular protuberances, or with tumo

ted form. We now offer an engraving (fig. 5) of a hollow-crowned crop parsnip, fingered-and-toed, and evi

toed degenerate Par

to conclude that, inasmuch as our fig. 3 represents a root in progress towards ennobling, so fig. 5 is that of a root decli

of a biennial, can only be looked upon as an instance of degeneracy. Plants that "run," as it is termed, being comparat

irst Year run to Se

egenerate than those represented in figs. 3 and 5, as those were fleshy and succulent; but when the roots of runners

ked Carrot

nat.

has run, and its rough, woody, nodu

Belgian Carrot.

r in turnips, carrots, parsnip, or mangel, is another sign of degeneracy, especially in the carrot or mangel, as the wild examples are remarkable for this condition; and in ennobling these roots, one of the difficulties is to get rid of this propensity. Hence, at root shows all forked examples of bulbs, multiheaded and necky examples, should be rejected; they are, however, sometimes made so fat with manuring