AZ

and animal, which has fed on vegetable life. This is, of course, a more

the soil, as we have seen. Our animal food can not be classed among our natura

our forefathers. But these have been gradually disappearing. We have caught and destroyed so many fish that we have only a fraction of our former number. The game birds have disappeared either because

small fraction of the animal food required in the country, and we must now depend for most of our a

heep that are raised in such vast numbers have taken the place of wild game. The cultivated variet

t we have wasted and exhausted our natural food supplies, but we must remember that to a certain extent t

to destroy some of them to insure man's safety, and others were needed for his use. But we can take their places with other animals which are better fitted for our food, and it is the task of kee

tific manner and it is not of that industry that we need to speak, but rather of the benefit to every farmer

leanings from the fields will supply their food, and they will furnish meat and eggs

ised more profitably than anything else, and if every farmer would use all the land not suitable for farm crops for pasture land the problem of an abundant meat supply, of dairy products and of fertilizers to enrich the soil would be largely solved. Some

ic land untilled. Much of the land can never be used for

and the government has allowed free u

into the hands of Americans who have introduced better breeds of higher value. In California, Arizona, and New Mexico there are now on the open ranges eight million sheep, nearly three million cattle and nearly a million horses, worth much more than one hundred million dollars. Wyoming and Utah have grea

e is forty cents a year each for horses, thirty-five cents a year for cattle, and twelve cents for sheep. The land is properly divided, so that each kind of stock has suitable pasture. Each person who pays this tax is given a certain range and no

es or for timber thieves also protect these stockmen in t

he advantages offered by this system are so great that

en is in regions outside the forests. If pasture is good, so many herds are pastured there that soon the grass

nal forests be applied to other public lands, so that the pastura

aracter, better breeds of stock would be raised, and individual owners would direct their eff

depend on this industry, that every effort should be made to encourage it, and

domesticate them, to add to the variety of our food supply. The quail, the golden pheasant and some species of grouse among birds, and two or three species of deer,

HER

a wholesale fish market can have little idea of the importance of that industry, nor of

an meat and is nourishing. As a food resource, it is different in many respects from any other. It does not exhaust the soil, nor take from the earth anything of value, the food of

fish and to use them for food only, that it seems that this valuable re

loded on the bed of the river, great numbers of fish, killed by the shock, rise to the top of the water an

re caught. In several states seining is not allowed at all. In others it is allowed only at certain seasons. And i

ive thousand fish a day is taken. These are almost all caught by summer residents, and it is unlikely that a large per cent. of them are eaten. In a few years the lake will be exhausted, and will cease to furnish fish for the people of the community, and there will, of course, be no mor

ms. All the fish for miles up and down a river are often destroyed in this way. As we have seen, this is only one o

ion more; one hundred and six million come from the South Atlantic states; one hundred and thirteen million, including the much sought tarpon and red snappers, come from the Gulf states; two hundred and seventeen million are caught in the Pacific states, including the great salmon catches; ninety-six m

aught in the United States are worth $58,000,000, but by canning, salt

ncreasing the number and improving the quality. The United States government has a thoroughly well organized fish commission,

ous streams all over the country. These fish are always of good food varieties, and are carefully selected to insure the kind best suited to the stream, as to whether it is warm or c

free from sewage and refuse, that no tiny fish be taken from the water, and that only a stated number can be taken in a day by a single pers

ream development would be complete without allusion to the fisheries which have been established on the Illinois River, largely by

es of water area and yields a fish product worth ten dollars an acre each year, very nearly all profit. The average value of the land product near by is a littl

ion of young fish and half a million fish eggs. These were such excellent variet

oats for catching fish in nets and its tank cars for carrying

stry in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Lobsters are not found naturally in the Pacific, but shipments of lobsters have been made from the Atlantic coast. A

ing" of young lobsters and eggs began. The results can be seen now, for more lobsters are being

ggs are ever laid in salt water. The mother fish goes up beyond where the tide comes in, so that the baby fish may have fresh water, which is necessary for them. Salmon and shad are never cau

g shad in streams along the coast, and the eggs from which these fish were hatched were all taken from fish that ha

have spread until now they are found as far south as Los Angeles, and as far north as Alaska, a coast line of 4,000 miles

most driven out from the waters of New England, except in the Penobscot River, where they have been kept by the watchfulness of the Fisheries Bureau. It is believed that the entire salmon industry in Maine

nd, the demands on them were so great that the supply began to fail. In 1904 only a little more than one-fourth a

e planted with oysters by any one who leases the privilege from the state, and the right to collect

awn were placed it was found that oysters three and a half to four inches in size had grown in quantities of 1,000 to 2,000 bushels per acre. For a long time it has been the custom of fishermen to fatten their oysters by t

g fertilizer, such as farmers use on their land, have been able to make such beds of sea-plants grow where they do not naturally exist. These experiments have been tried only a sh

be very low by this time if fish-culture had not been carried on to so great an extent. White fish, lake tr

kept up on grounds that had been entirely exhausted before and also where cod had never been found before. At the wharves, government officers from the Fisheries Bureau board the fishing boats

thrown away, since it apparently bought for us nothing but barren, ice-bound shores. But since it became a part of the United States, Alaska has yielded fishery products alone amount

e state. But the natural sponge beds are being rapidly exhausted, and the Bureau of Fisheries is convinced that the continuation of the sponge fis

cultivating soft-shell clams and in

left in small pools some distance back from the river. These pools gradually dry up; the larger fishes are caught and the smaller ones die. The state

re left to waste because the Commissions can not distribute them rapidly enough to save them. If large storage ponds could be established to collect and keep the fish during the

om the shells of mussels or fresh-water clams. This business, which is now worth $5,000,000,

tain the mussel eggs, and when they are hatched place them in the pools with the fish from the overflowed lands. The tiny mussel larv? attach the

be obtained by farmers having private fish ponds, the ponds can be drained each year and the mussels gathered, thus adding considerab

sh supplies. With the co?peration of all who waste the fish at present, and those who might aid in stocki

ERE

ort National Conse

Lands. (Jastro.) Repor

Forests of Arizona. (Heard.)

est and How to Meet Them. Bull

of Animal Industry.

and Fish Eggs. Dept.

e Commission

Fisheries