hionable instrument for ladies, and has become correspondingly p

ungraceful, or unladylike,-the reasons are nowhere satisfactorily give

played in public is extremely short, numbering onl

olin, or the corresponding string and bow instru

is a picture of a woman seated, and holding in her lap a sort of viol, with four strings and four sound-holes. This see

vember 2, 1495, is the following item, "For a w

ol with six strings. Queen Elizabeth, also, amused herself not only w

, and who about 1721-22 performed frequently at concerts, giving solos on the harpsichord, violin, and bass viol. Previous

to by the poet Gray in 1740, when he was at Rome, as "a famous

and at Huntley in 1746, and her granddaughter, Mary Anne Paton, also, who was better k

ough musical education. She was then a mere child, and as she grew to womanhood her voice developed and she became one of the celebrities in the history of song. There is no doubt that the training in intervals which her

60-61, and was so good a player that she was looked upon almost as a rival of Nardini. She will always be celebrated in history because of the letter which was

he bow lightly but steadily, upon the strings in such a manner as that it shall seem to breathe the first tone it gives, which must proceed from the friction of the string, and not from percussion, as by a blow given with a hammer upon it,-if

ns from Tartini. She also composed a considerable quantity of violin music, much of which was published at Amsterdam. Ab

es on the violin. She was born at Mantua in 1764, and educated at the Conservatorio della Pietà at Venic

o so, and accordingly composed and arranged, in his mind, his beautiful sonata in B-flat minor, for piano and violin. The time for the concert drew near, but not a note was put upon paper, and Madame Schlick's

ox just above the performers, in using his opera-glass to look at Mozart, noticed that there was nothing on his desk but a sheet of blank paper, and, afterward calling the composer to him, said: "So, Mozart, you have once again trusted to

he same time Signora Vittoria dall' Occa played at the theatre in Milan. Signora Paravicini, born about 1769, and Luigia Gerbini, about 1770, were pupils of Viotti,

wever, the Empress neglected her, and she suffered from poverty. Driven to the last resource, and having even pawned her clothes, she applied for aid to the Italians resident in Paris, an

ganini, was a native of Genoa, born about 1797, and had a short bu

came from Moscow, and astonished the public when she had scarcely reached her tenth year. Other names are Madame Filip

ther was a manufacturer of silk-spinning machinery. Teresa, the elder, was taught by Ferrero, Caldera, and Morra, but in 1836 she went to Paris and studied under Lafont, and afterwards under Habeneck, going still later to Brussels, where she took lessons of De Bériot, and

ther through France, Holland, Belgium, Germany, and England, and were everywhere received with the greatest interest. They played be

a long retirement, resumed her travels, and, having matured and improved, she played better and excited more interest than before. In 185

" and her public appearances were limited to such places as the vicissitudes of a military life took her to. Since 1878 Madame Pa

res," which she carried out in nearly all the chief cities of France, and part of the receipts of these concerts was used for the benefit of the poor. Her plan was to follow up the first concert with a second, at which the audience consist

ed as concert violinists, but few have continued long before the public, or have

re well known, but in 1840 and 1842 two violinists were born who were destined to hold the stage for many years and to exert a great influence in their profession. Wilma Neruda

n England. She was also the first woman ever to address the Literary and Philosophical Society, when in 1880 she delivered an address on the history o

Wilhelmina Maria Franziska Neruda made her first appearance in public in 1846, at which time she was not quite seven years old. On this occasion her sister Amalie, who was a pianist, accompanied her, and sh

the seventh Philharmonic concert of that season. By the critics at that time she was said

n 1864 she married Ludwig Norman, conductor of the opera at Stockholm, and for

where she became a great favourite, and has appeared there regularly almost, if not quite, every

da, or Lady Hallé, as she became later, has fully shared his popularity. Wha

eputation he heard her at some place on the Continent, and remarked to Charles Hallé, who afterwards became her husband, "I recommend thi

ianist, Charles Hallé, who had long been identified with all that was best musically

the English public the works of many composers who would have remained unknown perhaps for years but for his efforts. In this wor

hich they received at Pietermaritzburg. The mayor invited them to play at a municipal concert to be given one Sunday afternoon. The concert began, and after an organ solo and a song had been given by other musicians, they played the Kreutzer s

allé died, and Lady Hallé went into retirement. At this time her numerous admi

itself out as that of many infant prodigies has done. She has never endeavoured to secure public applause at the expense of her real artistic nature. Her performances

than as a soloist, and was for many years firs

r son, Mr. Norman Neruda, who, while scaling a di

owever, that she might have made the journey many years before, and allowed the American public to hear her in her prime, when she would have received not only a very war

some of her talent. In 1852 the family crossed the Atlantic and settled in the United States, and almost immediately the little girl began to appear at concerts. Camilla Urso began to study the violin at the age of six years, and her choice of that instrument was deter

ich she met with immense success, and then

S. Dwight wrote to the effect that it was one of the most touching experiences of his life to see and hear the charming little maiden, so natural and childlike, so full of sentiment and thought,

professional career until 1862, from which time she frequently made concert tours in America until she returned to Paris. It was about the period of these tours that he

il she had played at his concerts. "You may count upon a splendid triumph," he said. "It is I who tell

f great honours in Paris. She was presented by the public with a pair o

art concerto, at a concert, when an alarm of fire was given, and caused a good deal of excitement. Many of the audience left their seats and made for the door, but

tour to Australia

own, besides giving concerts at such out-of-the-way places as Bloemfon

ved in New York, and has practica

ved her early musical instruction from him. Her first appearance in public was made at the age of seven, and up to that time she had received no instruction, except that given her by her fat

t day,-"a miniature violin and bow ablaze with diamonds, given by the Prince and Princess of Wales; a double star with a solitaire pearl in the centre, and each point tipped with pearls, from Queen Margherita of Italy." Besides these, there were diamonds from the Queen of Spain and from the Empress of Russia and sundry grand duchesses. No lady violinist ever appeared before an American audience more gorgeously arrayed. "Fastened all over the bodice of her soft white woollen gown she wore these sparklin

Count Franchi Verney della Valetta, a distinguished Italian critic, and retired

, London, after an absence of eight years, and it was considered that her

nner (now Mrs. A. F. Liddell) has been for some years the most prominent in England, while the names of Gabrielle Wietrowitz and M

n. It happened, however, that a lady from Silesia arrived at Berlin, intending to take lessons of Joachim, but unaware of the rules against the admission of women to the Hochschule. Joachim interested himself in her, and she was examined for admission. Miss Shinner at once p

ader to the "Pop" Quartet, on which occasion she acquitted herself so well that an encore of the second movement of the quartet was demanded. Since that time she has

pt. A. F. Liddell

piano. Two years later she began to learn the organ, and was soon able to act as substitute for her father when occasion required her services. Until her twelfth year she studied mus

t the Musical Union when she was ten years of age, and at thi

chim, however, visited Gratz to play at a concert, and the young girl went to him and consulted him as to her future course. As a result of the interview she be

to the violin, and succeeded in arranging for another interview with Joachim, the result of which was that she was enabled to enter the Berlin

reer as a virtuosa, touring extensively throughout Europe. One of her greatest triumphs

, which have enabled her to overcome many obstacles, and have

rself as first violin, with Agnes Tschetchulin, Gabrielle Roy, and Lucie

R?ger, but did not retire from her profess

the Musical Institute at Gratz. Her father was a military bandsman who had some knowledge of

arge audience. She was then eleven years of age, and from that time she made the most rapid progress, taking first prize at the annual trial concert. In consequence of her great promise Count Aichelburg, who was a member of the

end of her first year she succeeded in capturing the Mendelssohn prize, which broug

he concerto by Brahms at the St. Cecilia Festival at Münster. Then followed a series of concert t

sweet tenderness and sympathy, which appeal to the soul of the listener, and she confines her repertoire to the highest class of musical

one critic declared that no violin playing had been heard to compare with it during that season, with the exception of Burmester's performance of the Beethoven concerto. "Such wealth and sensuous beauty of tone, such certainty of technique, such men

her to play a Mozart sonata. Five years of hard study enabled her to appear at a concert at Marchiennes, when she played a concerto by De Bériot and the rondo capriccioso by Saint-Sa?ns. The following year she played at Aix-l

ons daily. At the end of that time he emphasised his appreciation by making her a present of a valuable violin. She still continued her regular studi

that in eight months she carried off the first prize, being then only fifteen years of age. She continued her studies for three more

ember, 1895, she made her first appearance in London, where she was pronounced to be, with the exception of Lady Hallé, the most remarkable lady violinist who had ever appe

and has made several tours of Europe. She has been compared to Rubinstein, inasmuch as her remarkable musical temperament and irresistible impulsivene

d whose stars are in the ascendant, may be mentioned Sophie Jaffé, who

e, or Germany, America has contributed to the musical world many shining lights during the past few years. Mlle. Urso has been claimed as an American violinist, though s

dropped an "s." After Miss Harkness had been taught the elements of music by her mother, she went to Brussels to study under Wieni

led a great deal throughout Europe, and in 1882 she played, under her proper name, at the Crystal Palace, London. She was created, at Weimar, a c

lin firmament, for Nettie Carpenter and Geraldi

gh not until she had appeared in concerts in her

aying. In 1882 she appeared in London at the promenade concerts, and again in 1884, when she confirmed the reputation which she had made two ye

union did not continue for long, Mr. Stern becoming about four

nder Leopold Damrosch, besides which she received much instruction from her father. Then she went to Leipzig, where she studied with Schradieck, after whi

the honour of playing the Bach double concerto with Joachim at the Crystal P

erman. She began her musical education at the age of four, by taking piano lessons. At eight she took up the violin, and made such excellent progress that, when she w

D P

ed an engagement for a tour in England, and had the honour of playing before the royal family. While in London Joachim heard her, and expressed his ap

er performance in America brought her much praise, and she was declared to be a marvellously gifted woman, one who in every feature of her playing disclosed the insti

many she is declared to be the equal of Soldat and Wietrowitz in tone, technique, and interpretative power. She has an immense r

o won the Mendelssohn state prize at Berlin, in 1898, and who has gained a great repu

, and then went to Berlin, where she became a pupil of Joachim. In Berlin she made her début in 1896, with the Philharmonic Orchestra, which was conducted by Joachim on that occasion. Shortly a

ith such quiet, intense sentiment. Miss Jackson, though but twenty years of age, is already a veteran concert player, for she has appeared in many cities of Europe, and was alrea

emale, and she who expects to be numbered with the great violinists must be first of all a musician, capable o