he term Masculinity, which conveniently expresses the proportion of the sexes at birth. The degree of masculinity is usually indicated by the average number of male births to

ng females, positive masculinity is necessary to keep up the balance of the sexes, and

of unrelated parents. Professor William I. Thomas in his writings and lectures asserts this as highly probable.[28] Westermarck,[29] to whom Professor Thomas refers, quotes au

le births. In country districts, where, as we have seen, comparatively more boys are born than in towns, marriage more frequent

s reasoning I had come to exactly the same result in a purely inductive way." He then quotes a number of travelers to the effect that marriage between members of different races produce a phenomenal excess of fema

y Dr. Düsing for Pruss

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tholic. Other C

15,634 2,273,70

,775,010 2,136,

06.374 106.43

mixed ma

BL

tholic and Evangelical. Othe

57,755 189,73

149,205 179,

105.73 105.7

oduces a greater excess of male offspring. According to the percentage of first cousin marriages among the Jews as given by Mulhall,[33] and allowing the average number of children to a marriage, there would be only 3100 children of such marriages among the Jewish births in Prussia, and in order that these might raise the masculinity of Jewish births even from 106 to 107 the 3100 births would have to have a masculinity of 200. Among Protestants, or especially among Catholics where the percent

ationalities of Buenos Ayres. Further, the unions of Argentine males with females of foreign nationality provide a higher masculinity than is common among Argentines themselves.[34] These facts do not necessarily contradict the theory that any crossing of great racial groups diminishes masculinity, for all of the nationalities involved in this study are predominantly Mediterranean in blood. The theory is

sources fails to show any correspondence between the p

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ity. Per cent 1st

nd 10

e 105

107.

ia 10

6] 104

7] 107

istration is attempted but the figures thus obtained do not harmonize with the Census and the situation is not greatly improved.[38] The masculinity varies considerably in different parts of the country, and is

LE

ty in Sco

wns. Small towns. Mainland rural

-- -- -- 1

-- -- -- 1

.0 105.6 106.

.1 105.6 105.

.7 104.6 104.

9 105.3 105.

iage is more frequent in rural districts, and especially in insular rural districts. But unless consanguineous marriage

rom printed genealogies are separated from those obtained through correspondence and from miscellaneous sources. The "unrelated" marriages from genealogies, are marriages of brothers and sisters of the persons who have married first cousins, and their records were obtained from the same sources as those in the next previous

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Fertile. Sex of Ch

emale.

Gene. 125 31

ene. 629 156

sins. Gene. 17

. Gene. 301

Cor. 150 316

sins. Cor. 124

ous 88 210

3735 3578

e derived from cases taken from the same families and from the same environment, and differing only in that the first is closely consanguineous while the second is not. The third and fourth groups, separated from the first two by at least a generation, and probably living in a dif

ago by Dr. Bemiss, of course without thought

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of Children.

Male.

d nearer 709 1

ousins 124 2

ineous 833 1

125 444

r Europe.[41] He is free to say that they are worse than useless for the purpose for which they were collected, that of determinin

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of Children.

. Fe

and nearer

nt cousins

uence is negligible when a small number of cases is considered. It is interesting accordingly to note that of 100 children of incestuous unions and from uncl

termarck. The evidence in favor of the theory is all indirect and is open to other interpretations. It is hardly safe to go to the other extreme and to assert that consangu