iety is to lay before mankind some logical plan of action. He loses sight of the fact that other influences, besides logic, play a part in the moulding of man's conduct. Newman says teach

ts to determine its adaptability to the needs of the people. It satisfies the rules of logic and for them this is sufficient. Burke considers this point in his speech, "On Conciliation with America." "It is a mistake to imagine that mankind follow up practically any speculative principle as far as it will go in argument and i

monwealth, or renovating it, or reforming it, is, like every other experimental science not to be taught a priori. Nor is it a short experience that can instruct us in that practical science.... The science of government being therefore so practical in itself, and intended for such practical purposes, a matter which requires experience, and even more experienc

the United States that sanctioned slavery and so he described the constitution as "a league with death and a covenant with hell." As late as 1820 Shelley believed that "the system of society as it exists at present must be overthrown from the fo

ondemns the whole. Again, he does not offer a complete philosophy of life for us to follow. He takes a truth here and another there and deifies them, exaggerates them as he does pictures of the world. His thoughts were so vivid that they outshone the counsels of the more conservative. They impressed him so much

ue reformers link themselves with the good already existing in society and war only against its evils. They will start with things as they are. Burke says that "the idea of inheritance furnishes a sure principle of conservation and a sure principle of transmission, without at all excluding a principle of improvement. It leaves acquisition free; but it secures what it acquires.... By preserving the method of nature in the co

ngs about which they know little or nothing. A clear consciousness then of the good in the world, a clear understanding of the principles which bind this social world together is indispensable to the social reformer. To understand an object is to see through i

owing something about their history. Had he known something about the real history of Christianity or of the development of constitutional government in England he would not probably have been the radical that he was. He did not see that the institutions of his ti

o Shelley, the morality of an act is to be measured by the utilitarian standard, "the greatest good of the greatest number." How though can we measure the pleasure and the pain that flows from an action? In many cases we must take the judgment of the race; we must be guided by prejudice or tradition. "Prejudice," writes Burke, "is of ready appl

all the evils of society. He was confident that a remodelling of them would bring about a

at every turn. At Leghorn, Shelley, accompanied by a friend, visited a ship which was manned by Greek sailors. "Does this realize your idea of Hellenism, S

so he imagines that he is being unjustly persecuted. Shelley thought that even his father sought to injure him. "The id

says that the characteristics of insane men of genius are met with, though far less conspicuously, among the great men freest from any suspicion of insanity. "B

pistols. There, he said, he found a man who fired at him but missed. The report of Shelley's pistol brought the rest of the family on the scene, but none of them could find any trace of the intruder. It is generally conceded that this attack took place only in Shelley's fertile imagination. At another time Shelley imagined that he was afflicted with elephantiasis. One day towards the close of 1813 he was traveling in a coach with a f

ey. J. C. Jeafferson cites a long list of facts to prove that Shelley was a wilful prevaricator. Almost all of these can be explained away through the assumption that Shelley himself was deceived when he told something that did not square with the known fac

s no monkish humility." Shelley often expressed regret that the rest of mankind was no

ally traveling from one place to another. This is certainly tru

with his own ego. He loved to talk and write about himself and his o

fy their morbid energy." Shelley was always embarking on some foolish enterprise. He ran away with a school girl without having in sight any means of support. He went to Ireland to emancipate the whole race; and af

be afraid of losing the impression you have concerning my lost Shelley by conversing with anyone who knows about him. The mysterious feeling you experience was participated by all his friends, even by me, who was ever with him-or why say even I felt it more than any other, because by sharing his fortune, I was more aware that any other of his wondrous excellencies and the strange fate which attended him on all occasions...

no less often in Shelley the philosopher than in Shelley the idler. It is seen in his repellant no less than in his amiable w

about us in

prison-house

e growi

the light and

t in his

all the attraction of a kindred spirit. This helps to explain Godwin's influence over him. His father-in-law advocated the entire abolition of existing institutions, and left the work of reconstruction to man's imagination. Here it was that Shelley found full scope for

a change in this or that institution. Very often this interferes with their judgment. Bacon had this in mind when he wrote: "Is not the opinion of Aristotle worthy to be regarded wherein he saith that young men are no

t

men, whom Ari

ear moral

y well be doubted. However, his life shows some progress in that direction. He had learned to become more tolerant of various type

ve been influenced in the way that the Greek Augustine was benefited by the Roman Ambrose. Southey might have helped Shelley if he had shown more consideration for our poet's extremely sensitive feelings. Southey's pet argument was tha

ence of audacity in some passages of Shelley on religious subjects which admits only of two interpretations, viz., something in his original cerebral organization doubtless augmented by circumstances that hindered proper development in some part of it or else pride in quite an extraordin

akes all the good he knows, joins the pieces together, beautifies and adorns the picture until he has formed an earthly paradise. This has its advantages as only th

and the difficulties in the actual world by which it is beset will be the true social reformer of the world."[204] Shelley had a good grasp of the ideal, but he did not know how to cross over from the ideal to the real. This journey is a long and tedious one. "All progress," MacKenzie writes, "which is guided by an ideal must be more o

es promise that ideals shall not perish; that hope shall not wane, and that society shall long for perfection and peace, without which longing no progress is possible."[206] Radicalism emphasizes the ideal; conservatism the real. Out of th

behind us in resisting the obvious reforms which it was asked to approve; yet it never enters our heads to suspect that the next generation wil

] radical. He inflamed wills rather than enlightened minds. H

ch the sentimental radical holds in the history of society. If the radical arouses helpful emotions the a

st thing to attend to is to regard the work "as a whole bearing on life as a whole." Doing this we will grasp what is central, and at the same time will appreciate the true value of all details. Francis Thompson does not believe that any one ever had his faith shaken through reading Shelley. He knows, too, only of three passages to which exception might be taken from a m

describe shades of color-in flowers, in the sky-the music of waters, and a hundred other things that escape the notice of common mortals. In Shelley it is his imagination, his faculty for feeling the sufferings of others that is abno

a blessing. "Every grade of culture," writes Dr. Kerby, "has its own spirit of fellowship, its own code, understanding and secrets. Hence it is that the imagination has a supreme r?le in the neighborly relations of men. As social processes unite men in imagination, they supply the basis of concord, service and trust.... Reason may talk of social solidarity, and economic or sociological analys

the saints. A man may know all about ascetical theology, or all about his profession, but if he has not imagination he will always be a plodder. To come more directly to our difficulty, Shelley had the motive power of imagination and the guiding force of reason, but not that of revealed religion. The result was that he went off at a tangent when he dealt with matrimony. His case should

t subjects for the yoke. As long as there are men ready to take advantage of another's weakness; as long as there are selfish men who

ion and government itself. In places, it is true, he would seem to be a complete anarchist, but then allowance should be made for the sweeping generalizat

riences any of the joy of life. Extreme pessimism is as harmful as extreme optimism. The pessimism that lets in no ray of hope is a plague. Such though is not

direction there is in any state the better it is. Shelley never meant to say that he would here and now abolish all authority. No one saw more clearly than he that chaos would result from the removal of authority from society as at present constituted. When Shelley writes about freedom from authority he is p

her and a nobler conception of life into the consciousness of a people. What Wordsworth said concerning his own poems is true of the works of Shelley. "They

IOGR

r useful editions of the poetical works are: Professor G. E. Woodberry's, four volumes, Boston, 1892; Professor D

f Shelley's works consult The Shelley Librar

ve life of Shelley is that by Professo

authorities, critical and bi

ellen zu Shelley's Po

pipsychidion un

und. Kritische text

.: Shelley Day

ie Personlichkeit P

helley and His Frie

J.: Select Poe

helley's Veget

tudy of Shelley's

s and Poetry of the Ni

ld's Sages, Infidels

inozismus in Shelley'

Last Days of P.

: Shelley, Godwin

ometheus Unbo

nts in Nineteenth Centu

oleridge und die Eng

d A.: Studies i

y with the Poet P

Shelley, Goethe, Biograph

meteo Liberato, T

A.: Etudes An

: Ombre e Figure S

Shelley; the Man a

Liberal Movement in En

lish Literature and

H. A.: Promet

ley, P. B., Vol. IV.

History of English P

yron, Shelley, Keats

Essais de Litterat

d Vision, Essays in Lif

Pictures from

omas: Essays

cences of a Lit

(a) Transcripts

olution and Englis

tudier og Por

elesenheit, P. B

Dr. Helene:

Study of Sh

Shelley and Hi

cal table of contents a

ngigkeit, V. Godwin's

ount of Shelley's Vi

says of an ex-L

elley's einwirkun

rancis: Sh

is B.: Democra

rke: Out o

: Modern Poet

French Revolution an

e Life of P. B.

(a) Autobio

ination

he Letters of P.

Shelley: An

.: The Real Shel

e Americans and Thr

rles: Works,

lliam Godwin; H

Wordsworth's Po

a Jeunesse de

Verskunst dargestellt v

n of the Shelley manuscript

Shelley und di

.: Shelley's E

The Imagination and

h, Shelley, Keats, an

exiehungen zwischen Byron und Shel

fe of Mary W. Shel

assification of

t's Relations with By

e con una scelta di liriche tradotte

ary Wollstonecraft S

The Life of P. B

helley and His Writ

f the Literature of the

Mary W. She

.: Studi

r English Poets of the N

Letters to P.

s of S

eginnings of the Engl

la Litterature et les moeurs

e Diary of Polidori

elley; the Man a

: P. B. She

cy M.: Mrs.

.: A Memoir of

heus Unbound Con

. Shelley, Poet a

ey with Byron in hi

of Shelley Among the P

.: Prometheus

irit in Modern Eng

elley, Great Writers

's Literary and Philos

efence of Poetry,

nvito. Editore, Adolf

lley Memorials from

ty Papers, includ

: Shelley a

ley's View of Nature Com

obert: Essay on

ley's Philosophy of

Shelley and Lord

. K.: Shelley

Notebook of the

Notebook of P. B

B. Shelley, an A

Shelley, a Critica

ey as a Philosopher

ecdote Biography of

lley (in English Me

h Miscellany Presented to

tonecraft. A Study in Eco

minine Influence o

Critical Studies (Shelle

: Shelley: a

tersuchungen zu den blankv

ction of the Last Days o

he Authority of

: A Study of

te Biography of P

di P. B. Shelle

on on the Life and Novel

nci, analyse, quellen und in

e English Poets

: Aubrey De V

eorge E.: Th

: Good and E

Shelley's Mythe

GRA

ordained a priest in 1904. The years 1908 and 1909 he devoted largely to the study of English literature, and in July, 1910, passed the preliminary post-graduate examinations in English at St. Francis Xavier University. In October of the same year he entered the Catholic Unive

TNO

ty of America in partial fulfillment of the requireme

hority of Criticis

t in the Eighteent

Resolution et la Do

n Mab, C

l Butler,

pen C

Letter Jan

Shelley, Vo

Life of She

es (1855), quoted

of Woman, Ch

Life of She

th courait au meurtre de Duncan. 'Ce qu'il faisait ressemblait plutot a un co

en, Vol.

g, Vol.

is expression in the co

e Excursion

lish Thought in the Eigh

oszul,

. 825, also The Political History of Engla

gland, Trail a

ray, The Fo

olution and English

ench Revolution and

apter X

nto VI.

missi

Queen

Enquire

ct. 10, 1811.

Shelley, Vol

Shelley und die

g's Life

aires, boo

ok VI,

P.

f. Chardius Tr

an Letters

es, Book

ook X,

ires, Book

es to Qu

] I

fe of Shelley,

t of Islam. Ca

Pag

nto II,

nto IV,

nto IV,

nto VI,

anto X

to VIII,

son modèle francais, et l'ideale peinture des Ruines de Volney; la grotte on Cythna est encha?née-comme la caverne d'Asia dans Prométhée peut être due à un souvenir de The Cave of

e of Shelley, e

volt, Canto

es to Qu

P.

P.

er to Godwin,

to The Revo

helley und die

tters, Book I, s

itchener, No

English Poetry of the Sixteenth

chidion, Do

m in English

ssay o

r to Miss

pipsyc

s Life, Vol.

Shelley, Vo

f the Rights of Wo

P.

t of Islam, Ca

of the Rights o

of Islam, Cant

itchener, D

200, M

P.

nto IX,

ngpen,

k I, Ch.

en Mab,

en Mab,

ical Justi

Can

ical Justi

bid.,

fense o

] I

ustice, Book II,

id., I,

quirer,

Unbound,

Queen

of Rights

cal Justice

lizabeth Hitchen

tes to Q

rials, Essay on Ch

ook VII

Queen

on Christian

I, essay 2; also Political

ical Enquir

tes to Q

r: Introduction to

9]

f Prof. Dowden

tical Just

hilosophy of H

ical Justic

Quee

avoir passe une eternite sans rien faire p

on Christian

Horace Smith,

Lord Ellenboro

Quee

istianity. Shelley

ctions by Tre

o E. Hitchener

a Jeunesse de S

o E. Hitchener

mar of Ass

n: The Utilitarians

Ingpen

Essay

ic Encyclope

igen Genius und für die Richtung seiner poetischen Weltauschauung vo

's Life, Vol

Ethi

tes to Q

, ed. by Mrs. Shell

, Academica

pen, Vol.

tes to Q

Quee

mical Quest

Ibid.,

en Mab, I

Dictionary of Philosop

o Naples, E

lisseum,

History of Phi

o Naples, E

. of Poet

d. Prose Works,

bound, Act. II

to Intellec

urner,

donais,

] He

ley's Essay on

Eliz. Hitchene

Essay

History of Phi

donais,

June 2

cal Justice,

Mab, Canto

2]

tes to Q

rials, Essay on Ch

ay on Chr

on Morals, Vol. II,

rials. Essay on Ch

setti: Memoir o

ok. Printed for W. K.

Bards and Sc

in the Catholic Enc

anual of English L

: Biographia Li

ce to Lyric

hope, Vol.

's Defence of

's Defence of

History of Poetry

rside Edit

Ibid.,

d., Book

relude, Boo

ct. V,

ssay on

cursion, Boo

Ibid.,

of Islam, Can

Excursion,

ley in Englische

der, Stoffe zu Shelle

Handbook of Lit

den's ed.

Life of Shelley

History of Poetry

Essay

flection

to Leigh Hunt

r to Leigh

: Gli ultimi gior

elley Society Pape

Ode on the Intimat

poesia, la visione, l'idealismo fossero, piu che un bisogno dello spirito, i

ment of Learn

nzie: Social Phi

Ibid.,

. Quarterly. V

Essay on the E

l radicals "paralytic radicals" beca

olic World, Vo