the brink

e to my we

st so dull

e years

y hollowe

r my life

o its dee

weet gleam

ver I mock

d at its h

with each bur

in my sou

S AND

RENCE TO THE NEW

ewerage and ventilation, the absence of forethought in providing open spaces for the recreation of the people, the allowance of intramural burials, and of fetid nuisances, such as slaughter-houses

valuable possessions, and trample on prescriptive rights, to provide breathing-room for their gasping population. Besides, air, water, light, and cleanliness are modern innovations. The nose seems to have acquired its sensitiveness within a hundred years,-the lungs their objection to foul air, and the palate its disgust at ditch-water like the Thames, within a more recent period. Honestly dirty

equate parks and commons, and too much crowded for health, convenience, or beauty. Boston has for its main street a serpentine lane, wide enough to drive the cows home from their pastures, but totally and almost fatally inadequate to be the great artery of a city of two hundred thousand people. Philadelphia is little better off with her narrow Chestnut Street, which purchases what accommodation it affords by admitting the parallel streets to nearly equal use, and

ass from one to the other without set effort. It took a good while to make Broad and Canal Streets attractive business-streets, and to get the importers and jobbers out of Pearl Street; but the work is now done. The Bowery affords the only remaining chance of building a magnificent metropolitan thoroughfare in New York; and we anticipate the day-when Broadway will surrender its pretensions to that now modest Cheapside. Already, about the confluence of the Third and Fourth Avenues at Eighth Street are congregated some of the chief institutions of the city,-the Bible House, the Cooper I

he protecting walls, which narrowed the ways and cramped the houses of the Old-World cities, did not put a severer compress upon them, than the disgust of solitude and the craving for "the sweet security of streets" threw abo

n, or a miniature Mesopotamia like New York, or a basin like Cincinnati, could be found to tuck away a town in, in which there was a decent chance of covering over the nakedness of

lky mothers" fed be ever sacred in our Athens, and may the cows of Boston be embalmed with the bulls of Egypt! A white heifer should be perpetually grazing, at her tether, in the shadow of the Great Elm. Would it be wholly unbecoming one born in full view of that lovely inclosure to suggest that the straightness of the lines in which the trees are planted on Boston Common, and the rapidly increa

ave tried a new Western city, had they then been in fashion, as a still softer spot in the social crust. But this rage for cities in America is prophetic. The name is a spell; and most of the sites, surveyed and distributed into town-lots with squares and parks staked out, are only a century before their time, and will redound to the future credit, however fatal to the immediate cash of their projectors. Who can doubt that Cairo of Illinois-the standing joke of tourists, (and the standing-water of the Ohio and Mississippi,) though no joke to its founders-will one day rival its Egyptian prototype? America runs to cities, and particularly in its Northern latitudes. As cities have been the nurses of democratic institutions and ideas, democratic nations, for very obvious reasons, tend to produce them. They are the natural fruits of a democracy. And with no people are great cities so important, or likely to be

matters. It demands for itself the amusements, the refinements, the privileges of the city. This is to be brought about only by the application, at any cost, of the most immediate methods of communication with the city; and behold our railroad system,-the Briarean shaking of hands which the country gives the city! The growth of this system is a curious commentary on the purely mercenary policy which is ordinarily supposed to govern the investments of capital. The railroads of the United States are as much the products of social rivalries and the fruits of an ineradicable de

-villages, with a considerable increase in population, and a vast improvement in the general character of the dwellings, have nevertheless lost their most characterizing features,-the large and dignified residences of their founders, and the presence of the once able and widely known men that were identified with their local importance and pride. The

fortunes, experience has convinced most who have tried it that we have only six months when out-of-doors allows any comfort, health, or pleasure away from the city. The roads are sloughs; side-walks are wanting; shelter is gone with the leaves; non-intercourse is proclaimed; companionship cannot be found; leisure is a drug; books grow stupid; the country is a stupendous bore. Another prejudice was the anticipated economy of the country. This has turned out to be, as might have been expected, an economy to those who fall in with its ways, which citizens are wholly inapt and unprepared to do. It is very economical not to want city comforts and conveniences. But it proves more expensive to those who go into the country to want them there than it did to have them where they abound. They are not to be had in the country at any price,-water, gas, fuel, food, attendance, amusement, locomotion in all weathers; but such a moderate measure of them as a city-bred family cannot live without involves so great an expense, that the expected economy of life in the country to those not actually brought up there turns out a delusion. The expensiveness of life in the city comes of the generous and grand scale on which it there proceeds, not from the superior cost of the necessaries or c

e and convenient house and neighborhood. His rent was ninety-six dollars a year. His expenses of every other kind, (clothing excepted,) one dollar a week. He could not get his chop or steak cooked well enough, nor his coffee made right, until he took them in hand himself,-nor his bed made, nor his room cleaned. His conveniences were incredibly great. He cooked by alcohol, and expected to warm himself the winter through on two gallons of alcohol at seventy-five cents a gallon. T

-a better knowledge of the human constitution, considered either physically or morally, has shown to be decidedly opposed to health and virtue. More constitutions are broken down in the hardening process than survive and profit by it. Cold houses, coarse food unskilfully cooked, long winters, harsh springs, however favorable to the heroism of the stomach

their own recreation and refreshment. A bald utility has been the anticipated genius of our public policy. Our national Mercury was to be simply the god of the post-office, or the sprite of the barometer,-our Pan, to keep the crows from the corn-fields,-our Muses, to preside over district-schools. It begins now to appear that the people are not likely to think anything too good for themselves, or to higgle about the expense of whatever ministers largely to their tastes and fancies,-that political freedom, popular education, the circulation of newspapers, books, engravings, pictures, have already created a public which understands that man does not live by bread alone,-which demands leisure, beauty, space, architecture, landscape, music, elegance, with an imperative voice, and is ready to back its demands with the necessary self-taxation. This experience our absolute faith in free institutions enabled us to anticipate as the inevitable result of our political system; but let us confess that the rapidity with which it has developed itself has taken us by surprise. We knew, that, when the people truly realized their sovereignty, they would claim not only the utilitarian,

American people appreciate and are ready to support what is most elegant, refined, and beautiful in the greatest capitals of Europe,-that they value and intend to provide the largest and most costly opportunities for the enjoyment of their own leisure, artistic tastes, and rural instincts, is emphatically declared in the history, progress, and manifest destiny of the Central Park; while their competency to use wisely, to enjoy peacefully, to protect sacredly, and to improve industriously the expensive, exposed, and elegant pleasure-ground they have devised, is proved with redundant testimony by the year and more of experience we have had in the use of the Park, under circumstances far less favorable than any that can ever again arise. A

the hands of energetic and responsible trustees requiring large powers,-that they should be willing to tax themselves heavily for the benefit of future generations,-that they should be wise enough to distrust their own judgment and defer modestly to the counsels of experts,-that they should be in favor of the most solid and substantial work,-that they should be willing to have the better half of their money under ground and out of sight, invested in drains and foundations of roads,-that they should acquiesce cheerfully in all the r

. He is precisely the man for the place,-and that is precisely the place for the man. Among final causes, it would be difficult not to assign the Central Park as the reason of his existence. To fill the duties of his office as he has filled them,-to prove himself equally competent as original designer, patient executor, potent disciplinarian, and model police-officer,-to enforce a method, precision, and strictness, equally marked in the workmanship, in the accounts, and in the police of the Park,-to be equally studious of the highest possible use and enjoyment of the work by the public of to-day, and of the prospects and privileges of the coming generations,-to sympathize with the outside people, while in the closest fellowship with the inside,-to make himself equally the favorite and friend of the people and of the workmen: this proves an original adaptation, most carefully improved, whic

have controlled the de

ork; that this town would be built compactly around it (and in this respect of centrality it would differ from any extant met

and by poor people, and that its use by these people must be made safe, convenient, agreeable; that they must be expected to have a pride and pleasure

Reservoir embankment and wall. They were planned for the future; they are being built solidly, massively, permanently, for the future. Less thoroughly and expensively constructed, they would need to be rebuilt in the future at enormously increased cost, and with great interruption to the use of the Park; and the grounds in their vicinity, losing the advantage of age, wou

while equally thorough in their mode of construction, and consequently expensive, are in all cases embellished each with special decorations in form and color. These decorations have the same quality of substantiality and thorough good workmanship. Note the clean under-cutting of the leaves, (of which there are more than fifty

at an expense of dwarfed, diseased, and deformed trees, with stinted shade, in the future. No man has planted large and small trees together without regretting the former within twenty years. The same consideration answers an objection which has been made, that the trees are

angement by which they are carried in many instances beneath and across the line of the carriage-roads. Thus access can be had by pedestrians to all parts of the Park at times when the roads are thro

cessary to pay some attention to make them agreeable and unmonotonous objects, or the general impression of ease, freedom, and variety would be interfered with very materially. It is not to make the Park architectural, as is commonly supposed, that various and somewhat expensive design is introduced; on the contrary, it is the intention to plant closely in the vicinity of all the arches, so that they may be unnoticed in the general effect, and be seen only just at the time they are being used, when, of course, they must come under notice. The charge is made, that the features of the natural landscape have been disregarded in the plan. To which we answer, that on the ground of the Lower Park there was originally no landscape, in the artistic sense. There were hills, and hillocks, and rocks, and swampy v

lks, etc., completed, will be found

miles. There is another road, straight between two gates, 1 1/4 miles

Central Park will be 9

miles; the length

led and substantially und

Roads, equal 1 to 46 acres. When the planting is well-grown,

distant,-but, standing clear out against the horizon, appears much less than that. Hide it with foliage, as well as the houses right and left, and the limitation of distance is a mile in front and a quarter of a mile upon each side. Low hills or ridges of rock in a great degree cut off the intermediate ground from view: cross these, and the same unassociated succession of objects might be visited, but no one of them would have engaged the visitor's attention and attracted him onward from a distance. The plan has evidently been to make a selection of the natural features to form the leading ideas of the new scenery, to magnify the most important quality of each of these, and to remove or tone down

e conspicuous, salient idea which should take the lead in the composition, and about which all minor features should seem naturally to group as accessories. The straight, evidently artificial, and hence distinctive and notable, Mall, with its terminating Terrace, was the resolution of this problem. It will b

stairs and stages, and temptations to linger and rest. The introduction of the Lake to the northward of the Terrace also obliges a diversion from the direct line of proceeding; the visitor's attention is henceforth directed laterally, or held by local objects, until at length by a circuitous route he reaches and ascends (if he chooses) the summit of

ly simplifies it,-removing and modifying those objects which were incongruous wi

r miles in length and nearly half a mile wide. It con

land to 106th Str

on adjoining pro

____

orporation dire

ension land, (106th t

____

f land, $6,8

of $1,600,000. The expenditure is not squandered. Much the larger part of it is paid for day-labor. Account with laborers is kept by the hour, the rate of wages being scarc

ted by the remarkable good order and absence of "accidents" which have characterized it. See

for Park purposes, would not sell for at least as much as the land surrounding the Park and beyond its limits,-that is to say, for at least $60,000, the legal annual interest of which is $4,200. This would be the ratio of the annual waste of property in the case

ir original cost. We are unused to thorough gardening in this country. There are not in all the United States a dozen lawns or grass-plots so well kept as the majority of tradesmen's door-yards in England or Holland. Few of our citizens have ever seen a really well-kept ground. During the last summer, much of the Park was in a state of which the Superintendent professed himself to be ashamed; but it caused not the slightest comment with the public, so far as we heard. As nearly all men in office, who have not a personal taste t

ernors of its keeping, and a good, well-disposed, and well-disciplined police force, who would, in spite of "the inabilities of a republic," adequately control the cases exceptional to the assume

y of the whole undertaking, we have already intimated. How much the privileges of the Park in its present incomplete condition are appreciated, and how generally the requirements o

in six months. Foot

,450 8,0

4,300 9,

,035 2,7

63,800 8

47,433 2,

160,187 3

ber of vi

's day, 2,0

ber of vi

ay, 35,00

omen 13,000, C

ntrances counted,

mber of

t day, 7,50

ept. 22, (C

ounted, 13,

d to do so. That is to say, it is not oftener than once a week that a man is observed to be the worse for liquor while on the Park; and this, while three to four thousand laboring men are at work within it, are paid

enerally in a frolicksome mood. Of these, but one (a small boy) was observed by the keepers to be drunk; there was not an instance of qua

eks there were daily instances of fast driving there: as soon, however, as the law and custom of the Park, restricting speed to a moderate rate, could be made generally understood, fast driving became very rare,-more so, probably, than in Hyde Park or the Bois de Boulogne. As far as pos

after being requested to quit it, quarrelling, firing crackers, etc.,-one in eighteen thousand visitors. So thoroughl

must often be the result. To which we would answer, that, if the authorities of the city hitherto have so far misapprehended or neglected their duty as to allow a large industrious population to continue so long without the opportunity for public recreations that it has grown up ignorant of the right

the Park already exercises a beneficent influence of no inconsiderable value, and of a kind which could have been gained in no other way. We speak of Sunday afternoons and of a crowd; but the Park evidently does induce many a poor family, and many a poor seamstress and journeyman, to take a day or a half-day from the working-time of the week, to the end of retaining their youth and their youthful relations with purer Nature, and to their gain in strength, good-humor, safe citizenship, and-if the economists must be satisfied-money-value to the commonwealth. Already, too, there are several thousand men, women, and children who resort to the Park habitually: some daily, before business or after business, and women and children at regular hours during the day; some weekly; and some at irregular, but certain frequent chances

which there was a band of music and several thousand persons, chiefly Germans, though with a good sprinkling of Irish servant-girls with their lovers and brothers, with beer and ices; but we saw no rudeness, and no more impropriety, no more excitement, no more (week-day) sin, than we had seen at the church in the morning. Every face, however, was foreign. By-and-by came in three Americans, talking loudly, moving rudely, proclaiming contempt for "lager" and yelling for "liquor," bantering and offering fight, joking coarsely, profane, noisy, demonstrative in any and every way, to the end of attracting attention to themselves, and proclaiming that they were "on a spree" and highly excited. They could not keep it up; they

hesitating about taking the ground from One-Hundred-and-Sixth to One-Hundred-and-Tenth Street, because it is to cost half a million more than was anticipated. What the Park is worth to us to-day is, we trust, but a trifle to what it will be worth when the bulk of our hard-working people, of our over-anxious Marthas, and our gutter-skating children shall live nearer to it, and more generally unders

hat we shall live to know many residents of towns of ten thousand population who will be ashamed to sub

THE IR

his t

futile, the

of answer

e breath of crowded human beings. It stifles me. I open the window, and, looking out, can scarcely see through the rain the grocer's shop opposite, whe

ting of greasy soot to the house-front, the two faded poplars, the faces of the passers-by. The long train of mules, dragging masses of pig-iron through the narrow street, have a foul vapor hanging to their reeking sides. Here, inside, is a little broken figure of a

morning, to the great mills. Masses of men, with dull, besotted faces bent to the ground, sharpened here and there by pain or cunning; skin and muscle and flesh begrimed with smoke and ashes; stooping all night over boiling caldrons of metal, laired by day in dens of drunkenness and infamy; breathing from infancy to death an air saturated with fog and grease and soot, vileness for soul and body. What do you make of a case like that, amateur psychologist? You call it an altogether serious thing to be alive: to these men it is a drunken jest, a joke,-horribl

te way. Stop a moment. I am going to be honest. This is what I want you to do. I want you to hide your disgust, take no heed to your clean clothes, and come right down with me,-here, into the thickest of the fog and mud and foul effluvia. I want you to hear this story. There is a secret down here, in this nightmare fog, that has lain dumb for centuries: I want to make it a real thing to you. You, Egoist, or Pantheist, or Arminian, busy in making straight paths for your feet on the hills, do not see it clearly,-this terrible question which men here have gone mad and died trying to answer. I dare not put this secret into words. I told you it was dumb. These men, going by with drunken faces and brains full of unawakened

in one of Kirby & John's mills for making railroad-iron,-and Deborah, their cousin, a picker in some of the cotton-mills. The house was rented then to half a dozen families. The Wolfes had two of the cellar-rooms. The old man, like many of the puddlers and feeders of the mills, was Welsh,-had spent half of his life in the Cornish tin-mines. You may pick the Welsh emigrants, Cornish miners, out of the throng passing the windows, any day. They are a trifle more filthy; their muscles are not so brawny; they stoop more. When they are drunk, they neither yell, nor shout, nor stagger, but skulk along like beaten hounds. A pure, unmixed blood, I fancy: shows itself

half-clothed women stopped outside of the cellar

g herself against the gas-post. She needed the p

iss Potts' to-nigh

, hur 'll hef fun," said a sh

ut to catch the gown of the woman, who

N

's Kit Sma

Deb alone! It's ondacent frettin' a quite body. Be the powers, an' we'll have a nig

to show fight, and drag the woman Wolfe off wit

uching bonnet. When she walked, one could see that she was deformed, almost a hunchback. She trod softly, so as not to waken him, and went through into the room beyond. There she found by the half-extinguished fire an iron saucepan filled with cold boiled potatoes, which she put upon a broken chair with a pint-cup of ale. Placing the old candlestick beside this dainty repast, she untied her bonnet, which hung limp and wet over her face, and prepared to eat her supper. It was the first food that had touched her lips since morning. There was enough of

fting the candle and pe

are yo

p, and the face of a young girl eme

id, at last, "I'm

welcome," she said,

th sleep and hunger: real Milesian eyes they were, dark, delic

e," she sai

borah, holding out a potato, w

you ever hear the word jail from an Irish mouth?)

ug

es

her face. The girl saw

, Deb. The old man says his w

and flitch in a tin pail, and to pour her own measure of al

tly, covering her with the old rags. "Hu

oin', Deb? The

l, with Hug

till th' morn.

pushing her off. "

e alley, and turned down the narrow street, that stretched out, long and black, miles before her. Here and there a flicker of gas lighted an uncertain space of muddy fo

t relieve each other as regularly as the sentinels of an army. By night and day the work goes on, the unsleeping engines groan and shriek, the fiery pools of metal boil and surge. Only for a day in the week, in half-courtesy to pub

mill to which she was going lay on the river, a mile below the city-limits. It was far, and she was weak, aching from standing twelve hours at the spools. Ye

the scene might have made her step stagger less, and the path seem shor

. Beneath these roofs Deborah looked in on a city of fires, that burned hot and fiercely in the night. Fire in every horrible form: pits of flame waving in the wind; liquid metal-flames writhing in tortuous streams through the sand; wide caldrons filled with boiling fire, over which bent ghastly wretches

not time to eat his supper; so she went behind the furnace, and waited. Only a few

attered with cold, with the rain that soaked her clothes and dripped from he

Come near to the fire,"-said one of the

forgotten her. He turned, he

nk; gi' me my

ick instinct, she saw that he was not hungry,-was eating to ple

? T'ale was a bi

e tired, poor lass! Bide here till I go. Lay do

as the refuse of the burnt iron, and was not a hard bed; the half-smother

ness, fierce jealousy? of years of weary trying to please the one human being whom she loved, to gain one look of real heart-kindness from him? If anything like this were hidden beneath the pale, bleared eyes, and dull, washed-out-looking face, no one had ever taken the trouble to read its faint signs: not the half-clothed furnace-tender, Wolfe, certainly. Yet he was kind to her: it was his nature to be kind, even to the very rats that swarmed in the cellar: kind to her in just the same way. She knew that. And it might be that very knowledge had g

mething unique, set apart. She knew, that, down under all the vileness and coarseness of his life, there was a groping passion for whatever was beautiful and pure,-that his soul sickened with disgust at her deformity, even when his words were kindest. Through this dull consciousness, which never left her, came, like a sting, the recollection of the dark blue eyes and lithe figure of the little Irish girl she had left in the cellar. The recollection struck through even her

no ghost Horror would terrify you more. A reality of soul-starvation, of living death, that meets you every day under the besotted faces on the street,-I can paint nothing of this,

in, his nerves weak, his face (a meek, woman's face) haggard, yellow with consumption. In the mill he was known as one of the girl-men: "Molly Wolfe" was his sobriquet. He was never seen, in the cockpit, did not own a terrier, drank but seldom; when he did, desperately. He fought sometimes, but

. Korl we call it here: a light, porous substance, of a delicate, waxen, flesh-colored tinge. Out of the blocks of this korl, Wolfe, in his off-hours from the furnace, had a habit of chipping and moulding figures,-hideous, fantastic enough, but sometimes strangely beautiful: even the mill-men saw that, while they jeered at him. It was a curious fancy in the man,

Think that God put into this man's soul a fierce thirst for beauty,-to know it, to create it; to be-something, he knows not what,-other than he is. There are moments when a passing cloud, the sun glinting on the purple thistles, a kindly smile, a child's face, will rouse him to a passion of pain,-when his nature starts up with a mad cry of rage against God, man, whoever it is that has forced this vile, slimy life upon him. With all this groping, this mad desire, a great blind intellect stumbling thro

These great turning-days of life cast no shadow before, slip by unconsciously.

ruses. Deborah, stupidly lifting up her head, saw the cause of the quiet. A group of five or six men were slowly approaching, stopping to examine each furnace as they came. Visitors often came to see the mills after night: except by growing less noisy, the men took no notice of them. The furnace where Wolfe worked was near the bounds of the works; they halted there hot and tired: a walk over one of these great foundries is no trifling task. The woman, drawing out of sight, turned over to sleep. Wolfe, seeing them stop, suddenly roused from his indifferent stupor, and watched th

ngeance. A match, pleas

the trouble. If it were

by, I would tell you t

's In

y la

the burning tomb,"-pointing to som

en," said the other, "they bid fair to tr

round, as if seeing the faces

t's true. A desperate se

on the crown of his hat: a reporter for one of the city-papers, getting up a series of reviews of the leading manufactories. The other gentlemen had accompanied them merely for amusement. They were silent

oards. We may as well sit down, gentlemen, until the r

s employed, twelve hundred,-bitumen,-um!-'all right, I believe, M

ger, the young man who had first spoke

vember. No force-work, you understand,-only a speech or two, a hint to form themselves into a society, and a bit of red and blue bu

to study the institutions of the South,-a brother-in-law of Kirby's,-Mitchell. He was an amateur gymnast,-hence his anatomical eye; a patron, in a blasé way, of the prize-ring; a man who sucked the essence out of a science or philosophy in an indifferent, gentlemanly way; who took Kant, Novali

o, and that of Kirby's, touched him like music,-low, even, with chording cadences. About this man Mitchell hung the impalpable atmosphere belonging to the th

nders, whose presence they soon forgot entirely. Kirby drew out a newspaper from his pocket and read aloud some article, which they discussed eagerly. At every sentence, Wolfe listened more and more like a dumb, hopeless anima

w, in all the sharpness of the bitter certainty, that bet

ast these men unknown. Yet it was there. Veiled in the solemn music ushering the risen Saviour was a key-note to solve the dar

who fed the fires, and those who had no lodgings and slept usually on the ash-heaps. The three strangers sat

e heavy shadows and the amphitheatre of smothered fires are ghostly, unreal. One could fancy these red smo

n. The spectral figures, as you call them, are a little too real

oning their overcoats

r May, "and hard. Where did

e of the works.-K

figure of a woman faced him in the darkness,-a woman, white, of giant proportio

burn there!" cried K

flashing the gaunt fi

drew a lo

alive," he said, g

hers f

h?" asked Kirb

lower overs

l, S

did

the hands; chipped i

, I should say. What a f

see, Mi

s

r, grown coarse with labor, the powerful limbs instinct with some one poignant longing. One idea: there it was in the tense, rigid muscles, the clutching hands, the wil

eep of the muscles in the arm and hand? Look at them! They are groping

tudying anatomy," sneered Kirby,

rist, and the strained sinews of the instep!

d!" mutter

the fellow intend by the figur

e stands,"-pointing to Wolfe, who stood wi

fable smile which kind-hearted men

e man who did this,-I'm sure I don't k

be hu

swered Mitchell

ve given no sign of starvation to the body. It is strong,-terri

the soul of the thing, he knew. But the cool, probing ey

at," the furnace-t

y?" jeered Kirby,

lent a momen

. "It mebbe. Summat to make her live, I th

Mitchell flashed a look of di

t that woman's face! It asks questions of God, and says

t; then May turned

ds as this? What are yo

at puddl

oulders. Mitchell's l

retches. The Lord will take care of his own; or else they can work out their own salvation. I have heard you call our American system a ladd

in this woman's face, and troubled these men. Kirby waited for a

d be machines,-nothing more,-hands. It would be kindness. God help them! What are taste, reason, to creatures who must live such lives as that?" He pointed to Deborah, sleeping

overn the world better

t think

h the stream, because you cannot di

or black. My duty to my operatives has a narrow limit,-the pay-hour on Saturday night. Outside of that, if

od honest sigh, from th

s! Who is r

he man who pays them money to do with their souls' co

s cynical voice, "look at

estion, "What shall we do to be saved?" Only Wolfe's face, with its heavy weight of brain, its weak, uncertain mouth, its desperate

stone with the air of an amused spectator at a play. "Ar

l beneath. He looked at the furnace-tender as he had looked at a rare m

him.' And so Money sends back its answer into the depths through you, Kirby! Very clear the answer, too!-I think I remember reading

lushed

e Scriptu

nto me.' Deist? Bless you, man, I was raised on the milk of the Word. Now, Doctor, the pocket of the world having uttered its voice, what has the heart to

ssesses you to-night," rejo

r's brain that much good was to be done here by a friendly word or two: a latent genius to be warm

y of his hearer: it is a way people have with children, and men like Wolfe,)-"to live a better, stronger life than I, or Mr

e puddler had drunk in every word, looking through the Doctor's flurry, and gener

hat you will. It

ietly. "Will

in. The Doctor turne

s. You know, if I had, it is in my heart

od, and the glo

or a moment; then,

myriads are left?-I have not the

ne repeals the guessed answer to a ri

May, find your good-humor, and come home. This damp wind chills my very bones. Come and preach your Saint-Simonian doctrines to-morrow to Kirby's h

r to this side of the mills?"

the puddler go, crept after him. The three men waited outsid

f the world speak without meaning to these people. Wha

here hung about the place a thick, unclean odor. The slightest motion of his hand marked that he perce

corollary to his answer, "it would

ean"-said May

cloggy mass. Think back through history, and you will know it. What will this lowest deep-thieves, Magdalens, negroes-do with the light filtered through ponderous Church

ory; for, when, night and morning, afterwards, he prayed that power might be given

of himself, and to remember it was his right to rise." Mitchell had simply touched his hat, as to an equal, with a quiet look of thorough recognition. Kirby had throw

Hugh. Wunno

ur friend, wife, brother, stood in a new light? your soul was bared, and the grave,-a foretaste of the nakedness of the Judgment-Day? So it came before him, his life, that night. The slow tides of pain he had borne gathered themselves up and surged against his soul. His squalid daily life, the brutal coarseness eating into his brain

a Man all-knowing, all-seeing, crowned by Nature, reigning,-the keen glance of his eye falling like a sceptre on other men. And yet his instinct taught him that he too-He! He looked at himself with sudden loathing, sick, wrung his hands with a cry, and then was silent. With all the phantoms

h to escape,-only to escape,-out of the wet, the pain, the ashes, somewhere, anywhere,-only for one moment of free air on a hill-side, to lie down and let his

h, striking his puny chest savagely. "What am I worth, De

nchback shape writhing with sobs. For Deborah was cryi

ings go harder wi' you no

e; and they went doggedly down

lowly,-"all wrong! I dunnot unde

coaxingly; for he had stopp

ying this over to himself, as if he would m

his fingers. Some bitterer thought stung him, as he stood there. He wiped the drops from his forehead, and went into the room beyond, livid, trembling. A hope, trifling, perhaps, but very dear, had died just then out of the poor puddler's life, as he looked at the sleeping, innocent

he door after her. She had seen the look on his face, as he turned away: her own grew deadly. Yet, as s

she said

d not

,-him with the clear voice? Did hur h

, but he was worn out; her

ug

standing there. He looked at her. She was young, in deadly earnest; her faded eyes

it! Oh, Hugh, boy, listen till m

ck! I do not w

t time. I 'II never

her voice now, but s

h people wud come, them we heard of t' home, a

do you

an mo

hrilled throu

,-out, lad, where t' sun shines, and t' heath grows, and t' ladies walk in silken gownds, and God stays a

ed to check her, but she went

this place wid hur and Janey? I wud not come into the gran' house hur wud build, to ve

many of us m

r Deb!" he sai

I did it! Me, me!-not hur! I shall be hanged, I shall be burnt in hell, if anybod

errand done, began to gather chips together

come t

ocket-book containing one or two gold pieces, and a check for an incredible amount,

y wud me! It's only

g skinny finger

me, no! Let me sl

en bench, stunned with pain and weariness

say he had then no thought of keeping this money. Deborah had hid it in

o him," he said,

tter sigh of disappointment. "B

to find this man Mitchell. His right! Why did this chance word cling to him so obstinately?

ight, keen, intent, mastering. It would not start back, cowardly, from any hellish temptation, but meet it face to face. Therefore the great

n cart-wheel, the fading day, the noisy groups, the church-bells' tolling passed before him like a panorama, while the sharp strug

to death; he wanted so much, thought so much, and knew-nothing. There was nothing of which he was certain, except the mill and things there. Of God and heaven he had heard so little, that they were to him what fairy-land is to a child: something real, but not here; very far off. His brain, greedy, dwarfed, full of thwarted energy and unused pow

volved itself from the crowd of other thoughts and stood triumphant. He looked at it. As he might be! What

t rather than self-restraint? that he was deaf to the higher tone in a cry of voluntary suffering for truth's sake than in the fullest flow o

to be a thief? He met the question at last, face to face, wiping the clammy drops of sweat from his forehead. God made this money-the fresh air, too-for his children's use. He never mad

it became strangely real. The sun had sunk quite below the hills, but his last rays struck upward, touching the zenith. The fog had risen, and the town and river were steeped in its thick, gray damp; but overhead, the sun-touched smoke-clouds opened like a cleft ocean,-shifting, rolling seas of crimson mist, waves

took it in, limp and blotted, so his soul took in the mean temptation, lapped it in fancied rights, in dreams of improved existences, drifting and endless as the cloud-seas of color. Clutching it, as if the tightness

ed, moved him uncontrollably. The distances, the shadows, the still, marble figures, the mass of silent kneeling worshippers, the mysterious music, thrilled, lifted his soul with a wonderful pain. Wolfe forgot himself, forgot the new life he was going to live, the mean terror gnawing underneath. The voice of the speaker strengthened the charm; it was clear, feeling, full, strong. An old man, who had lived much, suffered much; whose brain was keenly alive, dominant; whose heart was summer-warm with charity. He taught it to-night. He held up Humanity in its grand total; showed the great world-cancer to his people. Who could show it better? He was a Christian reformer; he had studied the age thoroughly; his outlook at man had been free, world-wide, over all time. His faith stood sublime upon the Rock of A

scarlet. The trial-day of this man's life was over, and he had lost the victory. What followed was mere drifting circumstance,-a quicker walking over the path,-that was all. Do you want to hear the end of it? You wish me to make a tragic story out of it? Why, in the police-reports of the

kfast from this fourth column of the morning-paper: an unusual thing,-these police-repo

listen:-'Circuit Court. Judge Day, Hugh Wolfe, operative in Kirby & John's Loudon Mills. Charge, grand larceny. Sentence, nineteen years

atitude of that kind of people, and th

y that was to read! Wha

ineteen years!

ade two desperate efforts to escape. "Well," as Haley, the jailer, said, "small blame to him! Nineteen years' imprisonment

ong. That night, after the trial, a gentleman came to see him here, name of Mitchell,-him as he stole from. Talked to him for an hour. Thought he came for curiosity, like. After he was gone, thought Wolfe was remarkable quiet, and went into his cell. Found him very low; bed all bloody. Doctor said he had been bleeding at the lungs. He was as weak as a cat; yet, if ye'll b'lieve me, he tried to get a-past me and get out. I just carried him like a baby, and threw him on the pallet. Three days after, he tried it again: that time reached the wall. Lord help you! he fought like a tiger,-giv' some terrible blows. Fightin' for life, you see; for he can't live long, shut up in the stone crib down yonder. Got a death-cough now.

tching him. He was scratching the iron bars of the window with a piece of tin which he

aley. "Them irons will need a crowbar b

, too, in a s

'll get ou

's touched," said Ha

lf an hour. Still Deborah did not speak. At

king at some spots on

ch a bright, boyish smile, that it went to poor Debor

unnot look at me, when

! And I loved hur s

wretch, came with the woman's

-scraping away diligently at

ay shadow that rested on it. That gray shadow,-yes, she knew what that meant. She had often seen it creeping over women's faces for months, who died at last of slow hunger or consumption. That meant death, distant, lingering: but t

a desperate whisper,-"

ake, no

e kindly enough. Sitting there on his pallet, she cried silently a hopeless sort of tears, but did not speak again. The

anything else had done, wakened him up,-made the whole real to him. He was done with the world and the business of it. He let the tin fall, and looked out, pressing his face close to the rusty bars. How they crowded and pushed! And he,-he should never walk that pavement again! There came Neff Sanders, one of the feeders at the mill, with a basket on his arm. Sure

there. It was just a step. So easy, as it seemed, so natural to go! Yet it could never be-not in all the thousands of years to come-that he should put his foot on that street again! He thought of himself with a sorrowful pity, as of some one else. There was a dog down in the market, walking after his master with such a stately, grave look!-only a dog, yet he could go backwards and forwards j

come, even the lowest of the mill-hands would jeer him,-how his hands would be weak, and his brain senseless and stupid. He believed he was almost that now. He put his hand to his head, with a puzzled, weary look. It ached, his head, with thinking. He tried to quiet himself. It was only r

ted, as Hale

lock up for t'night.

and took H

Deb," he said

ed pain on her mouth just then was bitterer than

" she ventured, her lips grow

'! Yet he would not impatient with poor old D

," he said, tryi

standing there, with her hunchback, her rags, her bleared, w

called Haley,

id no

she wh

her last word

boy, no

ing to be silent, looking in his face in an

I cannot bear to b

," she sai

ood-bye; and-and

in his face again, and went out of

"Where the Devil did you get it? Here, in with ye!" and he s

hurried in now, and, kneeling down by it, listened, hoping to hear some sound. Nothing but the rasping of the tin on the bars. He was at his old amusement ag

ough the bars, suddenly grew grave, and hurried by. A free, firm step, a clear-cut olive face, with a scarlet turban tied on one side, dark, shining eyes, and on the head the basket poised, filled with fruit and flowers, under which the scarlet turban and bright eye

The evening was darkening fast. The market had been over for an hour; the rumbling of the carts over the pavement grew more infrequent: he listened to each, as it passed, because he thought it was to be for the last time. For the same reason, it was, I suppose, that he strained his eyes

joke or other. He remembered once seeing the place where he lived with his wife. "Granny Hill" the boys called her. Bedridden she was; but so kind as Joe was to her! kept the room so clean!-and the old woman, wh

out of the grating

er thrust his hand out of the window, and called again, louder; but Joe was too

" he called, so

jailers, passing the door, s

as the las

ss, in his hand,-to play with, it may be. He bared his arms, looking intently at their corded veins and sinews. Deborah, listening in the next cell, hear

ed at last, fiercely clutchi

at one hour that came then he lived back over all the years that had gone before. I think that all the low, vile life, all his wrongs, all his starved hopes, came then, and stung him with a farewel

always in the mills! The years had been so fierce and cruel! There was coming now quiet and coolness and sleep. His tense limbs relaxed, and settled in a calm languor. The blood ran fainter and slow from his heart. He did not think now with a savage anger of what might be and was not

hem, for they know not what they do!" Who dare say? Fainter and fainter the heart rose and fell, slower and slower the moon floated from behind a cloud, until, when at last its full tide of white splendor swept over the cell, it

ssed in gray and white. Deborah (for Haley had let her in) took notice of her. She watched them all-sitting on the end of the pallet, holding his head in her arms-with the ferocity of a watch-dog, if any of them touched the body. There was no meekness, sorrow, in her face; the stuff out of which murderers are made, instead. All the time Haley and the woman were laying straight the limbs and cleaning the cell, Deborah sat still, keenl

boy wud like it?

w Hugh

iful way over the dead, worn face. Ther

ury Hugh?" said Deborah in a

question hanging o

n! He wur born on t'lane moor, where t'air is frick and strong

moment. She put her strong arm arou

d blow all the day? I live there,-where the blue smoke is, by the trees. Look at me." She turned Deborah's

he looked, a shadow of their solemn repose fell on her face: its fierce discontent faded into a pitiful, humble quiet. Slow, solemn tears gathered in her eyes: the poor weak eyes turned so hopeles

m a strong heart deeply moved with remorse or pity, "thee shall begin thy life agai

ey sit there, in their grave, earnest way, waiting for the Spirit of Love to speak, opening their simple hearts to receive His words. There is a woman, old, deformed, who takes a humble place among them: waiting like them: in her gray dress, her worn face, pure and meek, turned now and then to the sky. A woman much loved by these silent, restful people; more silent than they, more humble, more loving. Waiting: with her eyes turned to hills higher and purer than these on which she lives,-dim and far off now, but to be reac

es, grand sweeps of outline, that show a master's hand. Sometimes,-to-night, for instance,-the curtain is accidentally drawn back, and I see a bare arm stretched out imploringly in the darkness, and an eager, wolfish face watching mine: a wan, woful

look in the eyes of dumb brutes,-h

half-moulded child's head; Aphrodite; a bough of forest-leaves; music; work; homely fragments, in which lie the secrets of all eternal truth and beauty. Prophetic all! Only this dumb, woful face seems to belong to and end with the night. I turn to look at it Has the power of its desperate ne

*

N OF KIN

great and influential portion of the political and social thinkers of this country,-the cry that "There is no King but Cotton, and the African is its High-Priest." According to the creed of philosophy, philanthropy, and economy in vogue among the sect whose views take utterance in this formula, King Cotton has now reigned supreme over the temporal affairs of the princes, potentates, and people of this earth for some thirty years. Consequently, it is fair to presume that its reign has fully developed its policy and tendencies and is producing its fruit for good or evil, especially in the land of its disc

rt from party names and platforms and popular cries and passionate appeals to the conscience and the purse? In all parties, some doubtless were impelled by fanaticism,-many were guided by instinct,-more by the voice of their leaders,-most by party catchwords and material interests,-but how many by real reflection and the exercise of reason? Was it every fifth man, or every tenth? Was it every fiftieth? Let every one judge for himself. The history of the reigning dynasty, its policy and tendency, are still open questions, the discussion of which, though perhaps become tedious, is not exhausted, and, if conducted in a fair spirit, will at least do no harm. What, then, is all this thirty years' turmoil, of which the world is growing sick, about? Are we indeed only fighting, as the party-leaders at the North seem trying to persuade us, for the control, by the interests of free labor or of slave-labor, of certain remaining national territories into which probably slavery never could be made to en

kings, when brought in contact with the vital spirits and life-currents of our original policy as a people,-and then decide whether this contest in which we are engaged is indeed an irrepressible and inextinguishable contest, or whether all this while we

of coercion,-angry threats and angrier replies,-wars and rumors of wars,-what is more common than to hear sensible men-men whom the people look to as leaders-picturing forth a dire relapse into barbarism and anarchy as the necessary consequence of the threatened convulsions? They forget, if they ever realized, that the people made this government, and not the government the people. Destroy the intelligence of the people, and the government could not exist for a day;-destroy this government, and the people would create another, and yet another, of no less perfect symmetry. While the foundations are firm, there need be no fears of the superstructure, which may be renewed again and again; but touch the foundations, and the superstructure must crumble at once. Those who still insist on believing that this government made the people are fond of triumphantly pointing to the condition of the States of Mexico, as telling the history of our own future, let our present government be once interrupted in its functions. Are Mexicans Yankees? Are Spaniards Anglo-Saxons? Are Catholicism and religious freedom, the Inquisition and common schools, despotism and democracy, synonymous terms? Could a successful republic, on our model, be at once instituted in Africa on the assassination of the King of Timbuctoo? Have two centuries of education nothing to do with our success, or an eternity of ignorance with Mexican failure? Was our government a lucky guess, and theirs an unfortunate speculation? The one lesson that America is destined to teach the world, or to miss her destiny in failing to

claration of Independence living realities in New England, while in France they still remain the rhetorical statement of glittering generalities. From this source flow all our possibilities. Without it, the equality of man is a pretty figure of speech; with it, democracy is possible. This is a path beaten by two hundred years of footprints, and while we walk it we are safe and need fear no evil; but if

le in the system of African slavery, and to follow it out unflinchingly into all its logical necessities. Thus, under the direct influence of the Cotton dynasty, the whole Southern tone on this subject has undergone a change. Slavery is no longer deplored as a necessary evil, but it is maintained as in all respects a substantial good. One of the logical necessities of a thorough slave-system is, in at least the slave-portion of the people, extreme ignorance. Whatever theoretically may be desirable in this respect among the master-class, ignorance, in its worst form,-ignorance of everything except the use of the tools with which their work is to be done,-is the necessary condition of the slaves. But it is said that slaves are property, without voice or influence in the government, and that the ignorance of the black is no obstacle to the intelligence of the white. This p

d tear of this human chattel are equal to 10 per cent., which, with the cost of maintaining, clothing, and doctoring him, or another 5 per cent, gives an annual cost of ￡45; and the pampered Coolies in the best paying of all the tropical settlements, Trinidad, receive wages that do not exceed on an average on the year roun

Thus the community necessarily loses its fair proportions; it ceases to be self-sustaining; it exercises one faculty alone, until all the others wither and become impotent for very lack of use. This intense and all-pervading devotion to one pursuit, and that a pursuit to which the existence of a servile class is declared essential, must, in a republic more than in any other government, produce certain marked politico-philosophical and economical effects on the master-class as a whole. In a country conducted on a system of servile labor, as in one conducted on free, the master-class must be divided into the two great orders of the rich and poor,-those who have, and those who have not. That the whole policy of the Cotton dynasty tends necessarily to making broader the chasm between these orders is most apparent. It makes the rich richer, and the

ersal intelligence renders free discussion a necessity, and experience tells us that the suppression of free discussion is necessary to the existence of slavery. We are but living history over again. The same causes have often existed before, and they have drawn after them the necessary effects. Other peoples, at other times, as well as our Southern brethren at present, have felt, that the suppression of general discussion was necessary to the preservation of a prized and peculiar institution. Spain, Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, England, and Scotland have all, at different times, experienced the forced suppression of some one branch of political or religious thought. Their histories have recorded the effect of that suppression; and the rule to be deduced therefrom is simply this: If the people among whom such suppression is attempted are ignorant, and are kept so as part of a system, the attempt may be successful, though in its results working destruction to the commu

uffering. They are fast learning that there is an almost infinite world of industry opening before them, by which they can elevate themselves and their families from w

eview, January, 1850. Q

ry, p

n be sustained only among a laboring population; but if that population consist of slaves, universal education cannot exist. The reason is simple; for the children of all must be educated, otherwise the scholars will not support the schools.

h of industry as the blacks, because the only branch open to all, can hardly have a self-respect-inspiring influence on that portion of the community, but should in its results rather illustrate old Fal

ver set foot in a thorough Slave State,-or in Kansas, or in any Free State half-peopled by the poor whites of the South?-or who can doubt it, that has ever even talked on the subject with an intelligent and fair-minded Southern gentleman?

ion up to an aggregate of 9,612,979, of which the whole number of school-pupils was 581,861. New York, with a population of 3,097,894 souls, numbered 675,221 pupils, or 98,830 more than all the Slave States. The eight Cotton States, from South Carolina to Arkansas, with a population of 2,137,264 whites and a grand total of 3,970,337 human beings, contained 141,032 pupils; the State of Massachusetts, with a total population of 994,514, numbered 176,475, or 35,443 pupils more than all the Cotton States. In popular governments the great sources of general intellige

eight bags of cotton imported into England in 1784 were seized by the custom-house officers at Liverpool, on the ground that so much cotton could not have been produced in these States. In 1860, the cotton-crop was estimated at 3,851,481 bales. Thus King Cotton was born with this government, and has strengthened with its strength; and to-day, almost the creature of destiny, sent to work the failure of our experiment as a people, it has led almost one-half of the Republic to completely ignore, if not to reject, the one principle absolutely essential to that Republic's continued existence. What two thousand years ago was said of Rome applies to us:-"Those abuses and corruptions which in time destroy a government are sown along with the

ly tend, in spite of all momentarily disturbing influences, towards a united South as the needle to the pole. But even if the government were permanently wrested from its control, would the evil be remedied? Surely not. The disease which is sapping the foundations of our liberty is not eradicated because its workings are forced inward. What remedy is that which leaves a false and pernicious policy-a policy in avowed war with the whole spirit of our civilization and in open hostility to our whole experiment as a government-in full working, almost a religious creed with near one-half of our people? As a remedy, this would be but a quack medicine at the best. The cure must be a more thorough one. The remedy we must look for-the only one which can meet the exigencies of the case-must be one which will restore to the South the attributes of a democracy. It must cause our Southern brethren of their own free will to reverse their steps,-to return from their divergence. It must teach them a purer Christianity, a truer philosophy, a sounder economy. It must lead them to new paths of industry. It must gently persuade them that a true national prosperity is not the result of a total abandonment of the community to the culture of one staple. It must make them self-dependent, so that no longer they shall have to import their corn from the Northwest, their lumber-men and hay from Maine, their manufactures from Massachusetts, their minerals from Pennsylvania, and to employ the shipping of the world. Finally, it must make it impossible for one overgrown interest to plunge the whole community unresistingly into frantic rebellion or needless war. They must learn that a well-conditioned state is, so far as may be, perfect in itself,-and, to be perfect in itself, must be intelligent and free. When these lessons are taught to the South, then will their divergence cease, and they will enter upon a new path of enjoyment, prosperity, and permanence. The world at present pays them an annual bribe of some $65,000,000 to learn none of these lessons. Their material interest teaches them to bow down to the shrine of King Cotton. Here, then, lies the remedy with the disease. The prosperity of the country in general, and of the South in particular, demands that the reign of King Cotton should cease,-that his dynasty should be destroyed. This result can be obtained but in one way, and that seemingly ruinous. The present monopoly in their great staple commodity enjoyed by the South must be destroyed, and forever. This result every patriot and well-wisher of the South should ever long for; and yet, by every Southern statesman and philosopher, it is regarded as the one irremediable e

to tell us, that, under the sure, but silent working of those laws, the very profits of the Southern planter foreshadow the destruction of his monopoly. His dynasty rests upon the theory, that his negro is the only practical agency for the production of his staple. But the supply of African labor is limited, and the increased profit on cotton renders the cost of that labor heavier in its turn,-the value of the negro rising one hundred dollars for every additional cent of profit on a pound of cotton. The increased cost of the labor increases the cost of producing the cotton. The result is clear; and the history of the cotton-trade has twice verified it. The increased profits on the staple tempt competition, and, in the increased cost of production, render it possible. Two courses only are open to the South: either to submit to the destruction of their monopoly, or to try to retain it by a cheaper supply of labor. They now feel the pressure of the dilemma; and hence the cry to reopen the slave-trade. According to the iron policy of their dynasty, they must inundate their country with freshly imported barbarism, or compete with the world. They cry out for more Africans; and to their cry the voice of the civilized world returns its veto. The policy of King Cotton forces them to turn from the daylight of free labor now breaking in Texas. On the other hand, it is not credible that all the land adapted to the growth of the cotton-plant is confined to America; and, at the present value of the commodity, the land adapted to its growth would be sought out and used, though buried now in the jungles of India, the wellnigh impenetrable wildernesses of Africa, the table-lands of South America, or the islands of the Pacific. Already the organized energy of England has pushed its explorations, under Livingstone, Barth, and Clegg, into regions hitherto unknown. Already, under the increased c

and with the dynasty must fall its policy. Its fruits must be eradicated by time. Under the healing influence of time, the South, still young and energetic, ceasing to think of one thing alone, will quickly turn its attention to many. Education will be more sought for, as the policy which resisted it, and made its diffusion impossible, ceases to exist. With the growth of other branches of industry, labor will become respectable and profitable, and laborers will flock to the country; and a new, a purer, and more prosperous future will open upon the entire Republic. Perhaps, also, it may in time be discovered that even slave-labor is most profitable when most intelligent and best rewarded,-that the present mode of growing cotton is the most wasteful and extravagant, and one not bearing competition. Thus even the African may reap benefit from the result, and in his increased self-respect and intelligence may be found the real prosperity of the master. And thus the peaceful laws of trade may do the work which agitation has attempted in vain. Sweet concord may come from this dark chaos, and the world receive another proof, that material interest, well understood, is not in conflict, but in beautiful unison with general morality, all-pervading intelligence, and the precepts of Christianity. Under these influences, too, th

h the assistance of an original impetus and custom, they may temporarily drag along their stumbling brethren of the South, the catastrophe is but deferred, not avoided. Out of the Union, the more extreme Southern States-those in which King Cotton has already firmly established his dynasty-are, if we may judge by passing events, ripe for the result. The more Northern have yet a reprieve of fate, as having not yet wholly forgotten the lessons of their origin. The result, however, be it delayed for one year or for one hundred years, can hardly admit of doubt. The emergency which is to try their system may not arise for many years; but passing events warn us that it maybe upon them now. The most philosophical of modern French historians, in describing the latter days of the Roman Empire, tells us that "the higher classes of a nation can communicate virtue and wisdom to the government, if they themselves are virtuous and wise: but they can never give it strength; for strength always comes from below; it always proceeds from the masses." The Cotton dynasty pretends not only to maintain a government where the masses are slaves, but a republican government where the vast majority of the higher classes are ignorant. On the intelligence of the mass of the whites the South must rely for its republican permanence, as on their arms it must rely for its force; and here again, the words of Sismondi, written of falling Rome, seem already applicable to the South: -"Thus all that class of free cultivators, who more than any other class feel the love of country, who could defend the soil, and who ought to furnish the best soldiers, disappeared almost entirely. The number of small farmers diminished to such a degree, that a rich man, a man

freedom consistently with the security of the community, and therefore he must have none. But certainly his school has been of the worst. Would not, perhaps, the reflections applied to the case of the French peasants of a century ago apply also to them?" It is not under oppression that we learn how to use freedom. The ordinary sophism by which misrule is defended is, when truly stilted, this: The people must continue in slavery, because slavery has generated in them all the vices of slaves; because they are ignorant, they must remain under a power which has made and which keeps them ignorant; because they have been made ferocious by misgovernment, they must be misgoverned forever. If the system under which they live were so mild and liberal that under its operation they had become humane and enlightened, it would be safe to venture on a change; but, as this system has destroyed morality, and prevented the development of the intellect,-as it has turned men, who might, under different training, have formed a virtuous and happy community, into savage and stupid wild beasts, therefore it ought to last forever. Perhaps the counsellors of King Cotton think that in this case it will; but all history teaches us another lesson. If there be one spark of love for freedom in the nature of the African,-whether it be a love common to him with the man or the beast, the Caucasian or the chimpanzee,-the love of freedom as affording a means of improvement or an opportunity for sloth,-the policy of King Cotton will cause it to work its way out. It is impossible to say how long it will be in so doing, or what weight the broad back of the African will first be made to bear; but, if the spirit exist, some day it must out. This lesson is taught us by the whole recorded history of the world. Moses leading the Chil

ne liberated him. Then despair at his long bondage took possession of his soul, and, in the eighth century, he swore,-"Whosoever shall liberate me, him will I surely slay!" Let the Southern statesmen look to it well that the breaking of the seal which confines our Afrite be not deferred till long bondage has turned his heart, like the heart of the Spirit in the fable, into gall and wormwood; lest, if the breaking of that seal be deferred to the eighth or even the sixth century, it result to our descendants like the breaking of the sixth se

*

S OF GA

T GL

n towards Naples. This city has fallen into the power of Garibaldi, who is concentrating his

ble to obtain a distinct view of the last stronghold-the jumping-off place, as we hope it will prove-of Francis II. The white walls of the fortress rise grimly out of the sea, touching the land only upon one

, we pass numerous line-of-battle-ships and frigates bearing the flags of England, France, and Sardinia, but look in vain and with disappointment for the star-spangled banner. A single floatin

spirit. Together with a chance companion of the voyage, Signor Alvigini, Intendente of Genoa, and his party, we are soon in the hands of the commis

are quietly tending their tables, people go about their ordinary affairs, and wear their commonplace, every-day look. The only difference apparent to the eye between the existing state of things and that which formerly obtained is, that there are few street brawls and robberies, though every one goes armed,-that the uni

al Turr, chief aide-de-camp to the "Dictator," and a pass to the camp. General Turr, an Hungarian refugee, is a person of distinguished appearance, not a little heighte

n the devoted subjects of the Bourbon. We are told that the people Lad set their hearts on seeing this fortress, which they look upon as a standing menace, razed to the ground, and its site covered with peaceful dwellings. And it is not without r

sad tour of inspection, when we tell them, through our guide Antonio, that these cells are the counterpart of the dungeons of the condemned in the prison of the Doges of Venice, as we had seen them a few days before,-save that the latter were better, in their day, in so far as in them the cold stone was originally lined and concealed by wooden casings, while in those before us the helpless prisoner in his gropings could touch only the hard rock, significant of the relentless despotism which enchained him. The walls are covered with the

ay; of the English "Excursionists" being ordered out in advance; of their rushing with alacrity into the thickest of the fight, and bravely sustaining the conflict,-being, indeed, with difficulty withheld by their officers from needlessly exposing themselves. But this inspiring news is tinged with sadness. One of their number, well known and much beloved, had fallen, killed in

of horses, and headed for the Garibaldian camp. A hamper of provisions is not forgotten, and before startin

e hero of Italy, if we do not find him at Caserta, we shall push on four miles farther, to Santa Maria; and, missing

c works upon the highway, as if in the employ of a long established authority, and making it difficult to believe that we are in the midst of civil war, and under a provisional government of a few weeks' standing. But this

ived by the officer of the guard. We show our pass from General Turr, giving us permission "freely to traverse all parts of the camp," and being told to drive on, find ourse

. So we prolong our ride to the twentieth mile by drivin

ation, there is no firing to-day, we see all about us the havoc of previous cannonadings. The houses we pass are riddled with round shot thrown by the besieged, and the ground is strewn with the limbs of trees severed by iron missiles. But where is G

ity. So they take us to their barrack, a large farm-house, and thence to "the front." To the latter spot our coachman declines driving, as his horses are not bullet-proof, and the enemy is not warranted to abstain from firing during our visit. So, proceeding on foot, we reach a low breastwork of sand-bags, with an orchard in advance of it. Here, our companions tell us, was the scene of yesterday's skirmish, in which they took an active part. The enemy had thrown out a detachment of sharp-shooters, who had entered the wood, and approached the breastwork. A battalion of the English Volunteers was ordered up. As they marched eagerly forwards, a body of Piedmontese, stationed a little from the road, shouted, "Vivano gl' Inglesi! Vivano gl' Inglesi!" At the breastworks where we are standing, the word was given to break ranks, and skirmish. Instantly t

o open the hamper and deploy his supplies, when hungry soldiers vie with the ravenous traveller i

which is devoted to hospital purposes. We find the wards clean and well ventilated, and wearing the look of being well attended. This favorable condition is owing in great measure to the interposition and supervision of several ladies, among whom are specially mentioned the two daughters of an English clergyman, without omitting the name of the Countess della Torres. The wounded co

old friends. We go our respective ways, to meet once more in Italy, and to renew our acquaintance aga

and on either side one may pass from the archway into open areas of spacious dimensions, from which lead passages to the various offices. We approach a very splendid marble staircase leading to the state apartments. A sentinel forbids us to pass. This is, then, perhaps, the part of the building occupied by the Commander-in-Chief. Not so. The state apartments are unoccupied, and are kept sacred from intrusion, as the property of the nation to which they are to belong. Garibaldi's apartments are among the humblest in the palace. We go on to the end of the archway, and see, stretching as far

conversation, the guard is ordered to stand to arms, and in a moment more, amid profound silence, Garibaldi has passed through the antechamber, leaving the place, as it were, pervaded by his presence. We had beheld an erect form, of rather low stat

y cloak faced with red. When without the cloak, there might be seen, hanging upon the back, and

h the most beautiful of bays before us, we treasure up for per

DI AT P

uiet manner, under the supervision of the National Guard, for Victor Emmanuel as their ruler. To-morrow we have set apart for exploring Pompeii, little dreaming what awai

, the wife of the Prodictator of Naples, and attended by General Turr, with several others of his staff. We go out to meet them. General J-n, a warm admirer of Garibaldi, gives him a cordial greeting, and presents us as an American. We say a few words expressive of the sympathy entertained by the American people for the cause of It

"Hymn of Garibaldi"; while at its northern extremity, standing, facing us, between the columns of the temple of Jupiter, with full effect given to the majesty of his bearing, is Garibaldi. Moved by the strikingly contrasting associations of the time and the place, we turn to General J

I AT "TH

by the afternoon boat, when we receive a message from General J-n that the bombardment of Capua is to begin on the following day at ten o'clock, and inviting us to join his party to the

as it is by a brilliant moon. We see clusters of white tents, with now and then the general silence broken by the sound of singing wafted to us from among them,-here and there tired soldiers lying asleep on the ground, covered with their cloaks,-horses picketed in the fields,-camp-fires burning brightly in various directions; while all seems to indicate the profound repose of men preparing for serious wor

range for our accommodation. To General J--n, the senior of the party, is assigned the only bed; an Italian officer occupies a sofa; while General W., Captain G., and ourself are ranged, "all in a row," on bags of straw plac

minutes before ten, the hour announced for opening fire. We find several officers assembled there,-among them General H., of Virginia. Low tone of conversation and a

re are such hosts of men under arms about us, till a milit

eath. "Under those trees they are swarming thick as bees.

the shelter of the shadow cast by a large building. Every now and then, from out this shadow, a piercing ray of light is shot, reflected from the helm or sword-case of the commanding officer, who is gallantly riding up and down b

there is some disappointment, their surprise is not extreme. For Garibaldi never informs even his nearest aide-de-camp what he is about to do. In fact, he quaintly says, "If his shirt knew his plans, he would take it off and burn it." Some half-hour later, having descended from the eminence, we take our last look of Garibaldi. He has retired with a single servant to a sequestered place upon the mount, whither he daily resorts, and where his mid-da

*

THREE T

clud

ff from hanging, who probably deserved it richly. (It is said, women are always for hanging: and that is very likely. I remember, when there had been a terrible murder in our parlors, as it were, and it was doubt

here, and everything." Thus I should rest and divert him by idle chatter, bathing his tired brain with good Cologne; and if, in the middle of my best story and funniest joke, he fairly dropped off to sleep, I should just fan him s

, I never thought of that. Instead, as he sat on the sofa, I took a long string of knitting-work and seated myself across the room,-partly so that he might come to me, where there was a good seat. Then, as he did not cross the r

nets; and for housekeeping, recipes, and all that, who but Mrs. Parker, who knew that, and a hundred other things? Many-sided are we all:

tly he said, wearily,

you all ready

mouth, without his asking me! Am I ready, indeed? And suppose I am not? Perhaps I, too, may have my misgivings. A woman's place is not a sin

n you! silent

s to wear through

iches from af

omething-"a w

I hadn't answered a

" said he again, languidly;

answered, curtly;

and sat by the window, looking at the western sky, where the sun had long gone down. I could see his profile against the o

he eleventh hour!-and I, who had suffered silently, secretly, untold torments about that name of his,-nobody, no man, could ever guess how keenly, because no man can ever feel as a woman does about such things! Men,-they would as soon marry Tabitha as Juliana.

th, and was darting lightnings on all mankind, Polly showed

wo chairs towards the centre-table, lighted the argand, and seated myself with the young officer to examine and admire the beautiful forms in which the gifted artist has clothed the words rather than the thou

really very handsome, with an imperial brow, and roseate lips like a girl's. Somehow he made me think of Claverhouse,-so feminine i

good-humor, and shut down all my angry sorrow and indignant suspicions, while I smiled and danced over their sepulchre,-however it was, I know not,-but a new sparkle came into the blue eyes of the young militaire. He was positively entertaini

ic? If "he" did not care a jot for me, perhaps others did. My heart beat very fast now; my cheeks burned, and my lips were parched. A glass of water restored me to calmness, and I sat at the piano. Herbert turned over the music, while I rattled off whatever came to my fingers' ends,-I did not mind or know what. It was very fine, I dare say. He whispered that it was "so beautiful!"-and I answered nothing, but kept on playing, playing, playing, as the little girl in the Danish story keeps on dancin

reet, or in a rail-car, so did I hear in the musical tumult, for the first time, the words o

r me, I was never more calm in my life. In the face of a real mistake, all imaginary ones fell to the ground, motionless as so many men of straw. With an instinct that went

ed on his arms; but he w

o stood where I had left him. "Now, if you can, hold him, whi

he couch, and Poll

th very many thanks for your politeness," I added,

eeping it as long as I wished

uffered? How his heart must have been agonized!-how terri

ted on bringing him "a good heavy-glass of Port-wine sangaree, with toasted crackers in it"; and wouldn't let him

o be sure; but then no words could tell how I had felt, and now felt,-how humiliated! how grieved! How wrongly I must have seemed

and him forever to me! What was in a name?-sure enough! As I gazed on the pale face on the couch, I should not have cared, if it had been named Alligator,-so elevated

uietly, setting down the empty tumble

really too weak to talk. I haven't slept for two nights, and have be

O

to swear, sometimes,) that I can't humbug. But I must! I must, to-morrow!" he

own, if you a

will let me stop thinking. I

ilty, why do you want

th. How all, all my foolish feelings took to flight! It was some comfort that my lover had not either seen or suspected them

eat some green-apple tarts, of her own cooking,-not sentimental, nor even wholesome, but they suited the occasion; and we

ch, if you don't get him off?-y

of the law killeth. And then I would get him off, if possible, for the sake of his son and th

ou do your bes

her pull. There's a man on the jury,-he is the only one who holds out. I know I don't get him. And I know why. I see it in the cold steel of his eyes. His sister was left, within

idding me good-night; but I saw his head and hea

n of the man as "a scoundrel," who left her. America, indeed! what matters it? Still, there would be the same head, the same heart, the same manliness, strength, nobleness,-all that a woman can

reat plea in that Shore case. Whether he gets it or not, his fortune is made. They say there hasn'

ed my soul with sackcloth and ashes

in the middle of the

r?" said she, spr

ura!-nothi

been sleeping with one eye open, a

I only wanted to a

ree o'clock now. We never shall ge

e. But you are impatient. It's no m

w. Tell me, and be

ant your opini

you tell

u think a handsome, a very h

for w

unt's wedding-

up, at this time of night, from t

are awake, just tell me how you like t

good,-excellent

and that I had heard Mr. Sampson say once that he never played now,-that it was too easy for

perpetual images of noun substantives. If I could have spent my fifty dollars in verbs, in taking a journey, in giving a fête champêtre! (Garden lig

pony-pha?ton. But how many feet of ground would f

. No,-that wouldn't do. He wouldn't wear it,-nor a pin of ditto. He had said, simplicity in dress was good econo

o that, although worth at first perhaps even more than two hundred dollars, they came, by their unfitness and non-fitness, to be worth to us only three-quarters of that sum; and Laura and I reckoned that we lost exactly fifty dollars a year by Aunt Allen's queerness. So much for our gratitude! Laura and I concluded it would be a good lesson to us about giving; and she had whispered to me something of the same sort, when I insisted on dressing Betsy Ann Hemmenway, a little mulatto, in an Oriental caftan and trousers, and had promised her a red sash for her waist. To be sure, Mrs. Hem

Sleeping, that was the quest

came to dine with us, and to s

himself. "But I am rather happy now; for I've got my case, and Shore has sail

ith everybody, he said,-and

ld tell me why you are so glad, when you

stealing a capital offence. You wouldn't hang a starving woman or child who stole the baker's loaf from your wi

d him, if you think him guilty, or be glad to have him escape,

e sake of argument, he is,-he will not be likely to stop his evil career merely because he has got off now, and will be cau

gh,-now be

of the trial, evidence, totally unexpected to all of us, was brought forward, and my client's innocence fully established. It was a good lesson to me. I lear

ay, I wasn't a stereoscope, for I s

n the evening,-by ourselves, -nobody else.

as you say, and dress and behave as you sa

even

yes!

even

! the ho

did,-I would dress in a white gown of some sort, and put a tea-rose in my beautiful dar

ought of, exactly. You thought

old Mr. Price!"-b

u would be

uld be more conve

l, orange-flowers, of course, (so becoming!) house crowded with friends

if it were to be married by the headsman, supposing there were su

love. Still, just as much as green is composed of yellow and blue, and purple of red and blue, the rays can any time be separated, and they always have a conscious life of their own. Of course, I had a sort of pleasure even in giving up my

ghty-nine years old,

my father and mother, and has always

it was

s if there were to be no wedding. For my part, I wander

y wedding-dress all made, and not to be worn! Flowers ditto! Nowhere to go,

es, I said a great many things on purpose to have Laura say what she always

life,-your path growing brighter and broader every year,-and-and-we won't talk of the

erly eyes. She never talks fine, and we

I should stay in the cottage where I had always lived, and where every rose-tree and lilac knew me!" And that was true, too. But not all the truth. What need to be telling

was to take it into consideration, any way, and get used to it, if I could. The other trouble I put aside for the moment. After it was concluded on that the wedding s

and independent American girl of forty-five) that "there'd be so much goin' to the door, and such, Betsy An

neither one nor three pairs of hands could do. How I wished Betsy Ann would consent to dress like an Oriental child, and look pretty and picturesque,-like a Barbary slave bearing vessels of

e library. She was by no means to unpack an article, not even a bouquet. Laura and myself preferred to arrange everything ourselves. We proposed to place each of the presents, for that evening only, in the library, and spread th

d irrelevant to describe, took the opportunity to scrub the house from top to bottom. Her own wedding-present to me, homely t

olds, when you were children, come up to your mind's eye. Without considering the absurdity of an American girl calling herself by such a name, your eyes fill with tears at the thought of the faithful and loving service of years

face-warmth that flatters, but does not delude,-a fidelity that fails you in sickness, or

ave you bee

, Ma'm,-in Elio

lace. And that was a true friend,-in a humble position, possibly, yet one of her own choosing. She rejoiced and wept with us, knew all about us,-corresponded regularly with us when away, an

n to express or to permit the least surprise. Not Caleb Balderstone himself had a sharper eye to the "honor of the family." Why it was left to the doc

great many times, and as

was?" and, "When I was

, the things come in w

money, eve

old her to "shet up her head quick. Mo

s mouth!" said Polly, laughing, as she assisted Laura i

to be! I declare to man,

red, vio

otty, and s

e myself, at the non-arrivals, and who constantly imagined she heard the b

got her learnin' good, I'd certain show 'em to her some time. I told her," added Polly, whisperingly, and holding her h

ectric shock. It was old Mr. Price, led in reverently

encourage the next bride, who will imagine herself a dunce, because she isn't thinking of something fine and solemn. Perhaps I had so many ideas pressing in, in all directions, that the mind itse

or your wedded wife?" and still mo

the long i,) "do

of Him who had himself come to a wedding. He then came to a close, to Polly's delight, who said she "h

lf-mug of flip at funerals, went to balls to look benignantly on the scene of pleasure, came home at ten o'clock to write "the improvement" to their Sunday's sermon, took the other hal

er see,"-and was straightway dismissed by Polly, with an extra frosted cake, and a charge to "get along home with

ny!" sa

ky!" s

to be Mrs. Conant's daughter, you know,

m glad it wasn't i

fore we had finished ta

said, s

Allen's gift, Del. What shall

said I, amiably, t

etty,-at least of but one thing,-an

of course, as he pointed th

t decide, I have thought of

-what do you

alver would be pret

t it be a silver salver, an

er, there was no help for it,-though now, more than ever, since there was no danger of a dupli

e billows of uncertainty, even with the chance of plucking gems from the depths. And Mrs. Har

p, and placed it on the prettiest little silver tray, and Polly handed

s, as it sparkled along back

ed, carelessly,

s never weary of that sort of well-doing, would keep on her own subjects of inte

my advice about wedding-presents. You know

ed to the re

your decided opinions on that subject. Did y

h over it, as it deserved!-for Mrs. Harris wouldn't stay in the Aquarial Gardens, which she pronounced a disgusting exhib

young,-ah!

d say when I

uy something for a bride," said Mrs. Harris, meditatively

subject, considering everything. Certainly she had been one o

en Sebiah Collins,-she brought me a bag of holders,-poor old soul! And Aunt Patty Hobbs gave me a bundle of rags! She said, 'Young housekeepers was allers a-wantin' rags, and, in course, there wa'n't nothin' but what was bran'-new out of the store.' Can I ever forget the Hill children, with their mysterious movements, their hidings, and their unaccountable absences? and then the work-bask

ion in the eyes of old, and even of middle-aged persons, who had had much mental vicissitude,

ys pleasant; so we

see Mr. Sampson on business, and

She said she should be called for presently; and then La

is, rapturously, approaching the table. "Ho

ond-lily, fully opened. But it was perfect in its way, and

ear you should have a duplicate. So here is my Mercury, that I have looked at till I love it. I wouldn't give you one that had only

, indeed! Alwa

r pocket, and took out of it

aid, because it would look so like nothing by the side of costly gifts. Pretty, graceful lit

Mercury when the carriage came for Mrs. Harris, who

ine being lonely. 'Two are company,' you know Emerson says, 'but three are a congregatio

ight exhibit my new treasures. At last the strange gentleman opened the door softly, talking all the way, across the room, through the entry, and

and Aunt Allen's gift were all I had received! I am ashamed of myself, to have such a mean mortification about what is reall

ery natural. How can we help caring? Do you like

dollars? Yes, I begin to th

d at me

en is very ric

I neither respect nor love her for her rich

tracted; but when I spo

" said he, sitting down on the sofa, and-I do

s,-

y had no longer the good old times when they were po

made you th

ks! and his wearing new, neat, black clothes, alas! instead of the overworn suit that was made to hang on a

l of pleasure in considering and contr

e appreciation of pleasure but through pain; for-I am tired of labor-and privation-and, in short, poverty. To work so hard, and so co

wn the room,-up and down,-up and down; and without

ean?" said I, faintly; for my h

n, turning suddenly away, sprang out of the window at

n the mean time I leave you to med

I consider him now, to be willing thus to address me. It was true, he was poor,-that he had struggled with poverty. But had it not been my pride, as I thought it was his, that his battle was bravely borne, and would be bravely won? I could not, even to myself, express the cruel cowardice of such words as he had used to his helpless wife. That he fel

ccount-book in which I had already entered some items; how I had thought of various ways in which I could assist him; yes, even little I was to be the most efficient and helpful of wives. Had I not taken writing-lessons secretly, and formed a thorough business-hand, and would I not earn many half-eagles with my eagle's quill? I remembered how I had thought

ver me. It fell down on me like a pa

passing discontent, a hateful feeling engendered by the sight of the costly

damp, dark suspicion. It was there like a presence, but it was as indefinite as dark; and I had a sort of control, in the midst of the tumult in my brain and heart, as to what thoughts I woul

him, and that her father would have been glad to have him for a son-in-law. And I had asked him once about it, in the careless gayety of happy lov

only in a word of ejaculation, my pity for myself broke all th

the wild ocean of passion on which I was tossing. I had not heard him come in. I was

dear!" said my h

's no m

at concerns you. You know that

just as it used to sound!" I

ed to have the truth, and the whole truth. I tur

t your utmost need, do you love me? Did you marr

erable surprise; and then added, solemnly, "And ma

e horrible tension that had been every faculty,-a repose so sweet and perfect, that, if reason had placed the clearest pos

y eyes, I met h

er you, Del? I did not

weakest among the weak, yet that it was his wi

ut it,-certainly I will. I must te

rom you, to-night, Del; but, on the w

rhaps,-p

n, Del, I will tell you this secret. I am very

sed hand before my

name, Del,

Devil!" sai

tude

it, truly? What

seen one of his sons. He has two. One's name is Paraclete, and the other Preserved. His daughter is pretty, very,

my name?" stammered

is 'just about the poorest kind of a name that ever a girl had.' And our Cousin Abijah thought you were named Delilah, and that it was a good match

ng heartily. "The shield looks neither gold nor silver, from whi

y should he? I was fast overcoming my weakness about names,

) had subsided into a quiet cheerfulnes

? You don't ask what Mr.

re what he wanted:

e sweetened, and ducks and drakes, as happy

s hand an open paper into mine. "It shall be my wedding-present to you. It is Mr. Drake's retainer.

ndred dollars!" said I, reading a

ty. That is all, Del. But I was so glad, so happy, that I was likely to do well at las

for, after all, five hundred dollars

ll make my fortune. And now-the other thing. You are sure

am calm a

-your Aunt A

Did she leave u

But I believe you have some clothes left to you and Laura. Any way, the will is in there, in the library: Mr. Drake

inking of the multitude of old g

th 'my queer name,' as he calls it, that he 'took a fancy to me out of hand.' To be sure, he listened through my argument in the

gly chrysalis of troubles would have turned

*

ON D

, I remembe

you blushed like

wealthy resp

r beautiful na

r you, Ma

ordial and mo

ked in that g

now from your he

ber your wel

nd Annie and

ee you;-you li

house, and the gro

of yours, (pr

different in

you a chance

d one less cha

ever a pride

r you,-the Ros

, "Who will own

ch love of our

w if you ev

ver fifteen

ne is all turne

life now is

winters of chat

summers of pi

a of life's y

flow of our p

,-no longer

our way, and I

red, while fash

me through the w

you, your smil

uder your feat

hite and magni

-necked your wa

lined, your rich

flattering vo

own native gr

tation and fo

d you; my wife yo

Phil";-we wer

eave now our car

Goldbanks of B

ckeys illumin

think, by the gl

sh from the moun

tten to shake

rmit us to e

to her sple

waiting and w

atch for the r

o-day's not he

home, and a l

ressing, some ha

meet her "Amer

t us,-but not q

greet us,-but t

feel it, is co

elcome of days

d,-the land where

mind to, with f

se, you can thor

ough you still y

nk, at least, se

ay, at the Co

babble so swee

harm, that you

h, as you danc

gh, at your din

ches will mask

ir lady, wha

ion, for hour

with your hu

eleton hid in

ectre at bed

ssion to tell

bout you a

rays have a su

ooms up the

ove not, there

love him, apar

t but your fire

oment, then pa

pted the life t

vel,-not raise

ers have their roo

-dust, and the

ave you! Your w

will not tro

vy the scent o

stairway. Quick

e air, we'll pra

nged to us,-gon

ntic shall pa

s that can nev

TON UND

mstance which perhaps would never have reached the knowledge of the magazine-reading world, nor have been of any importance to it, but for the attendant

y the hulks of sunken schooners, revealed itself plainly, half a mile ahead of us, in a great crescent of yellow water, plainly distinguishable from the steel-gray of the outer ocean. Two or three square-rigged vessels were an

tary bills," said a genteel, clean-spoken Charlestonian, to a long, gr

. To the south was the long, low, gray Morris Island, with its extinguished lighthouse, its tuft or two of pines, its few dwellings, and its invisible batteries. To the north was the long, low, gray Sullivan's Island, a repetition of the other, with the distinctions of higher sand-rolls, a village, a regular fort, and palmettos. We passed the huge brown Moultrie House, in summer a gay resort, at present a barrack; passed the hundred scattered cottages of the island, mostly untenanted now, and looking among the sand-drifts as if they had been washed ashore at random; passed the low walls of Fort Moultrie, once visibly yellow, but now almost hidden by the new glacis, and surmounted by piles of barrels and bags of sand, with here and there palmetto stockades as a casing for the improvised embrasures; passed its black guns, its solidly built, but rusty barracks, and its weather-worn palmetto flag waving from a te

n Charleston have lately been perplexed with an abundant leisure. As I drove to my hotel, I noticed that the streets showed less movement of business and population than when I knew them four years ago. The place seemed dirtier, too,-worse paved, shabbier as to its brick-work and stucco, and worse painted,-but whether through real deteriorat

ome down upon its citizens for forced dinners and dollars; that the State loan was taken willingly by the banks, instead of unwillingly by private persons; that the rich, so far from being obliged to give a great deal for the cause of Secession, have generally given very little; that the streets ar

ose the Citadel, or military academy, a long and lofty reddish-yellow building, stuccoed and castellated, which, by the way, I have seen represented in one of our illustrated papers as the United States Arsenal. Under its walls were half a dozen iron cannon which I judged at that distance to be twenty-four pounders. A few negroes, certainly the most leisurely part of the population at this period, and still fewer white people, leaned over the shabby fence and stared listlessly at the horsemen, with the air of people whom habit had made indifferent to such spectacles. Near me three men of the middle class of Charleston talked of those two eternal subjects, Secess

honest mouthpiece of a most peculiar people, local in its opinions and sentiments beyond anything known at the North, even in self-poised Boston. Changing his subject, he spoke with hostile, yet chivalrous, respect of the pluck of the Black Republicans in Congress. They had never faltered; they had vouchsafed no hint of concession; while, on the other hand, Southerners had shamed him by their craven spirit. It grieved, it mortified him, to see such a man as Crittenden on his knees to the North, begging, actually with tears, for what he ought to demand as a right, wit

help an artist to idealize a Lacedaemonian general, or a baron of the Middle Ages. In dress somewhat careless, and wearing usually the last fashion but one, they struck me as less tidy than the same class when I saw it four years ago; and I made a similar remark concerning the citizens of Charleston,-not only men, but women,-from whom dandified suits and superb silks seem to have departed during the present martial time. Indeed, I heard that economy was the order of the day; that the fashionables of Charleston bought nothing new, partly because of the money pressure, and partly because the guns of Major Anderson might any day send the whole city into mourning; that patrician families had discharged their foreign cooks and put their daughters into the kitchen; that there were no concerts, no balls, and no marriages. Even the volunteers exhibited little of the pomp and vanity of war. The small French military cap was often

ing his thumb carefully along the edg

a man's head open,"

e State," declared a stout, blonde young rifleman, speaking with a burr which proclaimed him f

on it: they were eighteen pounders; they were twenty-fours; they were thirty-sixes. Nobody could tell what they were there for. They were aimed at Fort Sumter, but would not carry half way to it. They could hit Fort Pinckney, but that was not desirable. The policeman could not explain; neither could the idlers; neither can I. At last it got reported about the city that they were to sink any boats which might come down the river to reinforce Anderson; though how the boats were to get into the river, whether by railroad from Washington, or by balloon from the Free States, nobody even pretended to guess. Standing on this side of the Ashley, and looking across it, you naturally see the other side. The long line of nearly dead level, with its stretches of thin pine-forest and its occasional glares of open sand, gives you an idea of nearly the whole country about Charleston, except that in general you ought to add to the pic

awing breath of Southern air ever since he attained the age of manhood. After the first salutation,

s in a pretty fix

really going out? You are not a politic

the will of the community. Perhaps you at the North don't believe that we are honest in our professions and actions. We are so. The Carolinians really mean to go out o

resses the present Northern popular sentiment. When I left, people were growing mar

se you can do it, if you try hard enough. The North is a great deal stronger than the South; it can desolate it,-crush it. But I hope it won't be done. I wish you would speak a good word for us, when you go ba

sion, which is nothing else than national disintegration and ruin. Lieutenant-Governor Morton of Indiana declares in substance that England never spent blood and money to wiser purpose than when she laid down fifty thousand lives and one hundred millions of pounds to prevent her thirteen disaffected colonies from having their own way. No English colony since has been willing to face the tremendous issue thus offered i

ion. The South Carolinians sincerely think that they are exercising a right, and you may depend that they will not be reasoned nor frightened out of it; and if the North tries coercion, there will be war.

ndence or destruction; she did not desire any supposable compromise; she had altogether done with the Union. Yet her desire was not for war; it was simply and solely for escape. She would forget all her wrongs and insults, she would seek no revenge for the injurious past, provided she were allowed to depart without a conflict. Nearly every man with whom I talked began the conversation by asking if the North meant coercion, and closed it by deprecating hostilities and affirming the universal wish for peaceable secession. In case of compulsion, howeve

?" I asked of one gentleman. "What is South Car

s. They say that it is the Fugitive-Slave Law itself which is unconstitutional; that the rendition of runaways is a State affair, in which the Federal Government has

al Question which fo

dly an injury. The flow of population has settled that matter. You have won all the Territories, not even excepting New Mexico, where slavery exists nominally, but

rievance is the el

es

eater because he was elected acc

es

by trickery, by manifest cheating, your

es

red here to be a ba

ve nothing to say against him as a ruler, inasmuch as he has never been tried. Mr. Linc

s election proves that the mass of the Norther

es

said substantially that the South cannot be at peace with

t it; that is

nd avow the motives thereof, without quibbling or hesitation. It is a persuaded, self-poised community, strikingly like its negative pole on the Slavery Question, Massachusetts. All those Charlestonians whom I talked with I found open-hea

ed. "It is not adverse to slavery in the States; it only objects to

creed,-that it suppresses more than it utters. The spirit which keeps the Republicans togethe

e. I suppose that the secret and generally unconscious animus of

o act in an abolition

hundred years from now

from the half-dozen pers

do you fix?

n of slavery in the navy-yards, the District of Columbia, etc. That would be only the point of the wedge, which would soon assume

t will do likewise for South Carolina. You might as well infer, that, because a vessel sails fro

the imagined right of peaceable secession, founded on a belief in the full and unresigned sovereignty of the States. Let me tell a story illustrative of the depth to which this belief has penetrated. Years ago, a friend of mine, talking to a Charl

ow they are for it, because they think it less dangerous than submission. For instance, when I asked one gentleman what the South expected to gain by going out, he replied, "First, safety. Our slaves have heard of Lincoln,-that he is a black man, or black Republican, or black something,-that he is to

of the perfect fidelity of the negroes, and declared that they would even fight against Northern i

ited States. "Your working-class is a fighting-class, and will constitute the rank and file of your armies. Our working-class

ssary to reserve the youth of the country to meet the "Northern masses," the "Federal mercenaries," on the field of possible battle. By letters from Montgomery, Alabama, I learn that unusual precautions have been common during the last winter, many persons locking up their negroes over night in the quarters, and most sleeping with arms at hand, ready for nocturnal conflict. Whoever considers the necessarily horrible nature of a servile insurrection will find in it some palliation for Southern violence toward suspected incendiaries and Southern precipitation in matters of secession, however strongly he m

m, and the fearful or peaceable, who dread or dislike violence. Let us see how a timid Unionist can be converted into an advocate of the right of secession. Let us suppose a boat with three men on board, which is hailed by a revenue-cutter, with a threat of firing, if she does not come to. Two of these men believe that the revenue-officer is performing a legal duty, and desire to obey him; but the third, a reckless, domineering fellow, seizes the helm, lets the sail fill, and attempts to run by, meantime declaring at the top of his voice that the cutter has no business to stop his progress. The others dare not resist him and cannot

for immediate hostilities. Not only Governor Pickens and his Council, but nearly all the influential citizens, were opposed to bloodshed. They demanded independence and Fort Sumter, but desired and hoped to get both by argument. They believed, or tried to believe, that at last the Administration woul

e. Well, we shan't let our boys fight; we can't bear to lose them. We don't want to risk our handsome, genteel, educated young fellows against a gang of Irishmen

lives of low-born, mercenaries was a feeling that I frequently heard express

noticed except by strangers. Men had begun to realize that a hurrah is not sufficient to carry out a great revolution successfully; that the work which they had undertaken was weightier, and the reward of it more distant, if not more doubtful, than they had supposed. The political prophets had been forced, like the Millerites, to ask an extension for their predictions. The anticipated fleet of cotton-freighters had not arrived from Europe, and the expected twelve millions of foreign gold had not refilled the collapsed banks. The daily expenses were estimated at twenty thousand dollars; the treasury was in rapid progress of depletion; and as yet no results. It is not wonderful, that, under these circumstances, the most enthusiastic secessionists were not gay, and that the general phys

cquire popularity. The Carolinians called the then President double-faced and treacherous, hardly allowing him the poor credit of being a well-intentioned imbecile. Why should they not consider him false? Up to the garrisoning of Fort Sumter he favored the project of secession full as decidedly as he afterwards crossed it. Did he t

day, a reinforcement was coming to Anderson, and the troops must attack him before it arrived; the next day, Florida had assaulted Fort Pickens, and South Carolina was bound to dash her bare bosom against Fort Sumter. The batteries were strong enough to make a breach; and then again, the best authorities had declared them not strong enough. A columbiad throwing a ball of one hundred and twenty pounds, sufficient to crack the strongest embrasures, was on its way from some unknown region. An Armstrong gun capable of carrying ten miles had arrived or was about to arrive. No one inquired whe

ulars concerning the condition of the batteries, and the number of guns and troops,-finding little in them but mention of parades, soldierly festivities, offers of service by enthusiastic citizens, and other like small busines

:-there was another; we hoped again:-there was a third; we stopped. The wheels rolled and surged, bringing the fine sand from the bottom and changing the green waters to yellow; but the Columbia remained inert under the gray morning sky, close alongside of the brown, damp beach of Sullivan's Island. There was only a faint breeze, and a mere ripple of a sea; but even those slight forces swung our stern far enough toward the land to complete our helplessness. We lay broadside to the shore, in the centre of a small crescent or cove, and, consequently, unable to use our engines without forcing either bow or stern higher up on the sloping bottom. The Columbia tried to advance, tried to back water, and

kwardly executed. Evidently they were newly embodied, and from the country; for the Charleston companies are spruce in appearance and well drilled. Half a dozen of them, who had been on sentinel duty during the night, discharged their guns in the air,-a daily process, rendered necessary by the moist atmosphere of the harbor at this season; and then, the exercise being over, there was a general scamper for the shelter of a neighboring cottage, low-roofed and surrounded by a veranda after the fashion of Sullivan's Island. Within half an hour they reappeared in id

undred cottages are mostly of one model, square, low-roofed, a single story in height, and surrounded by a veranda, a portion of which is in some instances inclosed by blinds so as to add to the amount of shelter. Paint has been sparingly used, when applied at all, and is seldom renewed, when weather-stained. The favorite colors, at least those which most strike the eye at a distance, are green and yellow. The yards are apt to be full of sand-drifts, which are much prized by the possessors, with whom it is an object to be secured from high tides and other more permanent aggressions of the ocean. The whole island is but

gar in the little smoking-room on the promenade-deck, I listened to the talk of four pla

e Gothamite, "and then run him off to Charleston. I'd give ten thousand dollars to

re'n ten thousand dol

ian F

nto little bits," pu

like a cat does a mous

k," observed Georgian Second. "It's the cussed parsons that's do

e of these dam' Black R

see the North suffer so

about forty thousand do

ant to see the grass

I can get a

firing now," suggested the Carolinian. "Major Anderson wou

"I'd shoot him myself, if I had a chance. I've

uff on paper, that it is spoken with scowling brows, through set teeth, and out of a heart of red-hot passion. The truth is, that these ferocious phrases are generally drawled forth in an ex-officio tone, as if the speaker were rather tired of that sort of thing, meant nothing very particular by it, and talked thus only as a matter of fashion. It will be observed that the most violent of these politicians was a New-Yorker. I am inclined to p

age was forwarded to the ferry in carts, and we followed at leisure on foot. In company with Georgian First and a gentleman from Brooklyn, I strolled over the sand-rolls, damp and hard now with a week's rain, passed one or two of the tenantless summer-houses, and halted beside the glacis of Fort Moultrie. I do not wonder that Major Anderson did not consider his small force safe within this fortification. It is overlooked by neighboring sand-hills and by the houses of Moultrieville, which closely surround it on the land side, while its ditch is so narrow and its rampa

d an air of animal contentment or at least indifference. They talked little, but giggled a great deal, snatching the canvas bags from each other, and otherwise showing their disbelief in the doctrine of all work and no play. When the barrows were sufficiently filled to suit their weak ideal of a load, a procession of them set off along a plank causeway leading into the fort, observing

?" asked the latter, survey

That ee way to do it. Won't wet through, no m

his ears, cut a caper, a

dian of the fort, we told him that we were from the Columbia, which he was glad to bear of, wanting to know if she was damaged, how she went ash

said, when we asked that favor; "but

ou pl

l of the

the guard. Presently a blonde young officer, with a pleasant face, somewhat

proper," I said. "We ask hospitality the mor

wever, I venture to take the respo

but protected toward the harbor by heavy piles of sand-bags, fenced up either with barrels of sand or palmetto-logs driven firmly into the rampart. Four eight-inch columbiads, carrying sixty-four pound balls, pointed at Fort Sumter. Six other heavy pieces, Paixhans, I believe, faced the neck of the harbor. The remaining armament of lighter calibre, running, I should judge, from forty-

n homespun gray uniform, who, like

e old flag-staff," ans

ore he left the fort,

great mind to shave off

col

struck me, and I attempted to put it in practice; but the e

lunteers, Jim drew a toothpick a foot long and did m

sons of well-to-do planters. It would be a great mistake to suppose that the volunteers are drawn, to any extent whatever, from the "poor white trash." The secession

eutenant told us. "We only had powder for two hours. Anders

an these heavy

en times

s will protect the garris

pile of barrels, however. If a shot hits the mass on the top, I am afraid it w

should open no

e to help," answe

run away," amended my

ttle use, and might as well clear out," wa

isit to it excited much surprise, when we recounted it in the city. Members of the Legislature and o

for the "Mercury," and five more for the "Courier," we were at the end of our possibilities in the way of extravagance. At half-past one arrived the ferry-boat with a few passengers, mostly volunteers, and a deck-load of military stores, among which I noticed Boston biscuit and several dozen new knapsacks. Then, from the other side, came the "dam' nigger," that is to say, the drummer of the new shoes, beating his sheepskin at the head of about fifty men of the Washington Artillery, who were on their way back to town from Fort Moultrie. They were fine-looking young fellows, mostly above the middle size of Northerner

y matters. Now and then an awkwardly folded blanket was taken from the shoulders which it disgraced, refolded, packed carefully in its covering of India-rubber, and strapped once more in its place, two or three generally assisting in the operation. Presently a firing at marks from the upper deck commenced. The favorite target was a conical floating buoy, showing red on the sunlit surface of the harbor, some four hundred yards away. With a

s," said a volunteer, slapping

cked immediately or not. A lieutenant standing near me talked long and earnestly r

want that place to go peaceab

n that fort is attacked, it will be the bloodi

dly about, ground his tobacco with excitement, spit on all sides, an

n marsh known as Shute's Folly Island. What it was put there for no one knows: it is too close to the city to protect it; too much out of the harbor to command that. Perhaps

d seen in that condition, brushed against me. The nearest one, a handso

Haw, haw, aw!"-and reeled onward,

loridians had attacked Fort Pickens, and the Charlestonians feeling consequently bound in honor to fight their own dragon. Groups of earnest men talked all day and late into the evening under the portico and in the bas

near me, he glared stupidly at him from beneath a broad-brimmed hat, demanding a seat mutely, but with such eloquence of oscillation that no words were necessary. The respectable person thus addressed, not anxious to receive the stranger into his lap, rose and walked away, with that air of not, having seen anything so common to disconcerted people who wish t

he attention of the company; and t

su-gar planter, I am. All right! Go a'

r energetically, pausing for a reply. He had add

ou' Car'lina. I'm a Na-po-le-on Bonaparte. All right! Go a'ead! Yee-p! Fellahs don't know me here. I'm an Arkansas man,

his hat was drawn over his eyes; his hands were deep in his pockets; his feet did all needful gesturing. I stepped in front of him to get a fu

b? I like that

nother plan, not in general favor, was to smoke Anderson out by means of a raft covered with burning mixtures of a chemical and bad-smelling nature. Still another, with perhaps yet fewer adherents, was to advance on all sides in such a vast number of row-boats that the fort could not sink them all, whereupon the survivors should land on the wharf and proceed to take such further measures as might be deemed expedient. The volunteers from the country always arrived full of faith and defiance. "We want to get a squint at that Fort Sumter," they would say to their city friends. "We are go

'ye see that gun? What an almighty thing! I'll

rs, while in regard to position and calibre they were inferior. To knock down a wall nearly forty feet high and fourteen feet thick at a distance of more than half a mile seemed a tough undertaking, even when unresisted. It was discovered also that the side of the fortification towards Fort Johnstone, its only weak point, had been strengthened so as to make it bomb-proof by means of interior masonry constructed from the stones of the

n told me that he was present when the steamer Marion was seized with the intention of using her in purs

three eighteen-pounders in her,"

r eighteen-pounders?" d

enade-deck,

l see it go through the bottom of the sh

ven negro women, worked all night on the batteries. Notwithstanding we were close upon race-week, when the city is usually crowded, the streets had a deserted air, and nearly every acquaintance I met told me he had been down to the islands to see the preparations. Yet the whole excitement, like others which had preceded, ended even short of smoke. News came that reinforcements had not been sent to Anderson; and the destruction of that most inconvenient

ina clearance. As I passed down the harbor, I counted fourteen square-rigged vessels at the wharves, and one lying at anchor, while three others had just passed the bar, outward-bound, and two were approac

in whom we numbered among our passengers. "What with heaving the lead, and doing without b

ich jerked him. Springing up, he paced about excitedl

here nine days in a nor'easter and lost my anchors; and here I am going on

he shield,-which is quite different, as we k

ND LITERA

ogy. By R.G. LATHAM.

rv?lker. Von Dr. T. WAIZ.

some to their readers. Whether the cause be in the style, or the point of view, or the method of treatment, or in all together,

gain of the subject, after perusing Mr. Latham's various volumes on "Descriptive Ethnology." We wonder that the whole English reading public; has not consigned the science to the shelf of Ency

of the "German School" (whatever that may be) of Ethnology. It seems to him soundly "British" to disbelieve all the best conclusions of modern scholarship, and to urge his own fanciful or shallow theories. He treats all human superstitions and mythologies as if he were standing in the Strand and judging them by the ideas of modern London. His is a Cockney's view of antiquity. He cannot imagine that a barbarous and infant people, groping in the mysteri

eminence in the science must be from the circumstance that no one else is dull enough and patient enough to gather such a museum of facts in regard to human beings. The mind is utterly confused as to

pecially the two volumes whose title is given above; and that we may have sympathy, if only in a faint degree, from our friends, we qu

is his elegant

not on their southern side. I am on the northwestern ranges, with Tartary on the north, Bokhara on the west, and Hindostan on the south. I am in a

analysis of the beaut

the owner will give to any one who can make for her and for Pohjola Sampo, Wainamoinen will not; but he knows of one who will,-Illmarinen. Illmarinen makes it, and gains the mother's consent thereby. But the daughter requires another service. He must hunt down the elk of Tunela. We now

ainamoinen, 'if no

the mistress of Pohjol

teal it,' says

' say the

award, when Louki comes after them on the wings of the wind, and raises a storm. Sampo is broken, and thrown into the sea. Bad days now come. There is no sun, no moon. Illmarinen makes them of silver and gold. He had previously

am's profound and intere

t has been already suggested that the ideas conveyed by the terms Sramanoe and Gymnosop

dhism are of the same age as the ea

t practice of foretelling events, the Buddhist practice of continence, the Buddhist Semnai or holy virgins. This, howe

Manichaeanism being, more or less, Samanist. Terebinthus, the preceptor of Mane

ere we may stop to remark, that the Mongol Tshingiz-Khan is said to be virgin-born; that, w

ay, there was, b

tion between Buddhi

dhist b

cultus in bot

di

constitute Bud

"-Vol. ii

y attractive and comp

r of unmitigated dulness. What his views are on the great questions of the science-the origin of races, the migration

in style as the other is affected; as simply open to the true and good in all customs or superstitions of barbarous peoples as the Englishman is contemptuous of everything not modern and Euro

e fancies of each new student; while every prominent follower of it has had some pet hypothesis, to which he desired to suit his facts. Whether the a priori theory were of modern miraculous orig

a well-known American work, where facts and fancies in Ethnology were industriously

e hypotheses,-even, for instance, the development-theory of Darwin,-and has formed his

e. At the same time, he is ready to admit that even this classification is imperfect, as from the nature of the case it must be; for the source of the confusion lies in the very unity of mankind. He rejects in toto Professor Agassiz's "realm-theory," as inconsistent wit

t antiquity of mankind are the

o the negro races, and is the most valu

ion, as a general text-book on the science of Ethnology,-a book which is now exceedingly needed in all our higher schools and colleges; bu

lia Prosperità e Coltura Sociale. Milano, 1860. New Yor

ecnico," should at once have established an American agency in New York, and that in successive numbers of their periodical during the present year they should have furnished lists of some of the principal American publications whic

the administration. With the beginning of the present year the "Politecnico" was re?stablished, mainly through the influence and under the direction of Dr. Carlo Cattaneo, who had been the chief promoter of the preceding original series. The numbers of the new series give evidence of talent and independence in its conductors and contributors, and contain articles of intrinsic value, beside that whic

ly, from the accession of Pius IX. to the fall of Venice, in which he exhibited his political views, endeavoring to show that the misfortunes of Lombardy were due to the ambitious and false policy of the unhappy Charles Albert. His distrust of the Piedmontese has not diminished with the recent changes in the affairs of Italy; and although Lombardy is now united to Piedmont, and the hope of freedom seems to lie in a hearty and generous union of men of all parties in support of the new government, Cattaneo, when in March last he was elected a member of the National Parliament, refused to take his seat, that he might not be obliged to swear allegiance to the King and the Constitution. His political desire seems to be

nducted by him becomes, from the fact of his connection with it, one of the important organs of Italian thought. We trust that the "Politecnico" will fin

y. By OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. 2 vo

, perhaps, the last of the great writers of English prose whose mind and style were impregnated with imagination. He wrote p

, heavenly m

"Memoirs of Scriblerus," and are commonly satisfied to think it Pope's. Smollett insured his literary life in "Humphrey Clinker"; and we suppose his Continuation of Hume is still one of the pills which ingenuous youth is expected to gulp before it is strong enough to resist. Goldsmith's fame has steadily gained; and so has that of Keats, whom we may also

ey grant it is very fine, are teased with an uncomfortable wonder as to where it is going to strike next. They would rather, on the whole, it were farther off. They like well-established jokes, the fine old smoked-herring sort, such as the clown offers them in the circus, warranted never to spoil, if only kept dry enough. Your fresh wit demands a little thought, perhaps, or at least a kind of negative wit, in the recipient. It is an active, meddlesome-quality, forever putting things in unexpected and somewhat startling relations to each other; and such new relations are as unwelcome to the ordinary mind as poor relations to a nouveau riche. Who wants to be all the time painfully conceiving of the antipodes walking like flies on the ceiling? Yet wit is related to some of the profoundest qualities of the intellect. It is the reasoning faculty acting per saltum, the sense of analogy brought to a focus; it is generalization in a flash, logic by the electric telegraph, the sense of likeness in unlikeness, that lies at the root of all di

s vulgarly rated at, and perhaps chafed a little; but his opportunity had not come. With the first number of the "Atlantic" it came at last, and wonderfully he profited by it. The public were first delighted, and then astonished. So much wit, wisdom, pathos, and universal Catharine-wheeling of fun and fancy was unexampled. "Why, good gracious," cried Madam Grundy, "we've got a genius am

e in as fresh as a May morning, ready at a month's end for another year's run. And it was not merely the perennial vivacity, the fun shading down to seriousness, and the seriousness up to fun, in perpetual and charming vicissitude;-here was the man of culture, of scientific training, the man who had thought as well as felt, and who had fixed purposes and sacred convictions. No, the Eclip

e heavy against him; but here again he triumphed. Like a good Bostonian, he took for his heroine a schoolma'am, the Puritan Pallas Athene of the American Athens, and made her so lovely that everybody was looking about

jurisdiction, and which rims New England as it does all other lands. The character of Elsie is exceptional, but not purely ideal, like Cristabel and Lamia. In Doctor Kittredge and his "hired man," and in the Principal of the "Apollinean Institoot," Dr. Holmes has shown his ability to draw those typical characters that represent the higher and lower grades of average human nature; and in calling his work a Romance he quietly justifies himself fo

emselves being the censors. For our own part, we do not like the smell of Smithfield, whether it be Catholic or Protestant that is burning there; though, fortunately, one can afford to smile at the Inquisition, so long as its Acts of Faith are confined to the corners of sectarian newspapers. But Dr. Holmes can well afford to possess his soul in patience. The Unitarian John Milton has won and ke

thoughts rather than words. The variety, freshness, and strength which he has lent to our pages during the last three years seem to de

ERICAN PU

EDITORS OF THE A

Full View of the English-Dutch Struggle against Spain, and of the Origin and Destruction of the Spani

stianity, including t

s V. By Henry Hart Mi

o. 16mo. pp

Knowledge for the People. Parts XXIII. and XXIV. New

ine, and Notes and Q

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hardson & Co. 4to. p

on; Its Rise and Progre

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r Redemption Draweth Nig

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e Pulpit on the State o

ton. 12mo. p

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1856. By the Author of the "Thirty Years' View." Vol

mes of It. A Comedy, in

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ms. By Thomas Bailey Al

12mo. pp.

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t Verborum et Nominum Index. Vols. II. and III. New