nds a year." Not long after, the family removed to Lissoy, in the County of Westmeath, where they lived in much comfort. Here Oliver passed his childhood and yout

mely face, pitted with the smallpox. In his eighteenth year he entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a sizar, that is, a poor student who pays in part

is uncle sent him twenty pounds, and with this he reached Leyden, where, if he possibly attended a few lectures, he certainly associated with wild companions who helped him to get rid of his money. Having succeeded in borrowing a small sum, he was about to leave Leyden, when in a florist's garden he saw a rare, high-priced flower which he felt sure would delight his kind uncle, who was an enthusiast in flower culture. Without a thought of his own needs he ran in, bought a parcel of the roots, and sent them off to Ireland; then, with a gu

chool," and hack writer. At last, almost discouraged, he decided to obtain if possible the position of factory surgeon on the Coromandel coast, in Indi

urk's Head." It was to Johnson that he once said, alluding to his heavy style,-"If you were to make little fishes talk, they would talk like whales." But there was no malice in this remark, for the doctor was one of his stanch friends. Among the other nine original members of the club were Sir Joshua Reynolds, the artist, and Edmund Burke, the noted statesman. Before long The Traveller and The Deserted Village gave Goldsmith a foremost place among the poets of the time, and The Vicar of Wakefield, published

d's house where he was to dine, "with his new wig, with his coat of Tyrian bloom and blue silk breeches, with a smart sword at his side, his gold-headed cane in his hand, and his hat under his elbow." But while he had more than his share of weaknesses, it must be granted that "e'en his failings leaned to Virtue's side." He was sensitive, open-hearted, generous, and kindly-always ready to help those less fortunate than himself. If in Parson Primrose and in th

TRAV

OSPECT O

iended, mela

y Scheld[1] o

re the rude Ca

seless stranger

ia's plain[3] f

e expanding

am, whatever

velled fondly

her[4] turns, wi

h remove a lengt

ngs crown my e

welling guardia

pot where cheer

il, and trim the

e where want an

anger finds a

easts, with simp

he ruddy fa

sts or pranks t

ity at some mo

ashful strange

he luxury o

stined such de

e in wand'ring

steps unceasi

ood that mocks

circle bounding

ar, yet, as I

ds to traverse

ot of all the

re Alpine sol

n a pensive

high above the

here an hundred

cities, plains e

s, the shepherd'

tion's charms

e should thankl

he philosophi

makes each humbl

t pride dissembl

hings are grea

, whose symp

l the good o

, with wealth and s

summer spreads

e vessels catc

s,[6] that dress

tributary st

the world, the

miser, visiti

asure, counts, r

ards his rising

hs, for hoards a

st alternate pa

good that Heaven

prevails, and

ard of human

h amidst the

real happines

ul, each wand'ri

iss to see my

ind that happi

t, when all p

tenant of the

ms that happie

easures of hi

nights of rev

ro, panting a

olden sands and

lare, or stems

gods for all th

riot's boast wh

st country ev

s, if countries

he blessings w

flatter, still s

tion dealt t

ood, by Art or

ons makes their b

other kind

r bliss at Labo

well the peas

s[8] as Arno's

rocky crested s

custom turn t

arious are the

ce, honor, lib

other's power s

s destructive of

freedom reign,

where commerce l

te, to one love

models life t

vorite happine

plan that aim

to excess i

good begets

these truths wi

rough the prospec

e my proper car

sit in sorro

ected shrub a

steep, and sighs

t, where Apenni

e summer, It

ping deck the m

ods in gay th

temple's mould'

grandeur mark

s bounty sati

Italy were s

in different c

se, or humbly c

s in torrid tr

ccession decks

ts salute the

ves, that blos

porting, own th

nce from the pl

ales their gelid

ragrance round

liss that sense

ss is all the n

y groves and fi

nly growth that

s through all hi

urious; though s

t trifling; zeal

nance planning

ere contami

e departed l

eirs,[16] not far

oudly nourished

he palace learnt

allen column sou

ed, beyond e'en

uarry teemed w

teady than the

shores displayed

mained of all t

ned, and lords

tion found with

ngth was but pl

ss of wealth is

lendid wrecks o

eeble heart and

pensation s

en, in bloodle

triumph and th

formed for p

r a saint in

hese are all the

children sat

, repressed by

ast, or feebly

ghts, succeedi

eanness occu

where Caesars[22

e and totterin

ruin, heedles

eking peasant

man could want

ns his cottage

rom them, turn

climes a noble

Swiss their stor

rlish soil[23]

re the barren

, the soldier and

ms their torpi

g'ring chills

ly sues the mo

are, and storm

here content can

ime, and all i

easant's hut, his

little lot t

uous palace[25

anness of his h

d the sumptuo

loath his ve

red in ignoranc

racting fits h

he wakes from s

en air, and car

angle trolls

enturous plowsh

where snow-trac

ruggling savage[

urning, ever

own the monar

heerful fire, a

ooks, that brigh

artner, boastful

leanly platter

some pilgrim

le repays the

od his native

triot passion o

ills that round

iss his scanty

ed to which his

ll which lifts h

when scaring s

d closer to the

rrent and the

o his native m

rms to barren st

ew, their wishes

only share th

ts, their pleasu

t that stimul

ce of pleasure

ands each pleasing

tes desire, and

, when sensual

anguid pause

wers that raise

and vibrate 'thro

fe is but a sm

ant, unfanned b

tures, or, if

festival of

he vulgar breast

n debauch, the

joys alone thu

ke their pleasur

ment stops, fr

mproved, the m

friendship's fi

from each ind

rtues o'er the

falcons, cow'r

ntler morals,

cultured walks,

ersed, on timor

flutter in

, where gentler

ce displays her

land of mirth a

elf, whom all the

e I led thy s

ipe, beside the

lms along the m

from the wave

h my harsh touch

ne, and marred th

llage praise my

etful of the no

es. Dames of

hildren through

dsire, skilled i

eath the burthe

hese thoughtless

rolls their w

e arts that min

ms the social

aise which rea

inary worth

rrent: paid fr

lendid traffic

camps, to cotta

aught an avar

leased; they give

est, they grow t

softer art thei

r follies als

dearly loved, o

nternal strengt

soul, within

pleasure on an

tion here, wi

ulgar praise wh

ssumes her pe

es of frieze[32]

ide defrauds h

plendid banque

urns where shift

olid worth of se

her minds my

e deep where Ho

atient sons be

ocean leans ag

to stop the co

ampire's[34] ar

nks, and dil

ected bulwark

g arms amidst t

mpire, and usur

ocean, rising

ious world ben

, the yellow b

fted bank, th

rt, the cultiv

on rescued f

ound the wave

native to r

abits in each

begets a love

od from opulence

lls superfluous

d. Their much-lov

plenty, elega

oser, craft and

itself is b

rior charms al

l it, and the

rants and a

seek dishonora

ent, to serv

kes that slumber

ike their Belgic

content, ungo

st, and freedom

ke the sons o

und, my genius

Britain courts t

xtend that scorn

ms than famed Hyda

nd the gentles

music melts o

est charms are

only in the m

bosom Reason hol

aims irreg

port, defianc

rds of human

designs, a th

ned, fresh from N

ir native har

ined right,

asant boasts thes

o venerate h

ine the blessings

charms that da

ed, were such

even by Freed

ence Britons

an, and breaks t

ent lordlings[4

bind and sweet

bonds of natu

nds, repelling

imprisoned fac

ion struggles r

ught, the gene

op, or frenzy

orst. As natur

and honor fai

s, the bonds of

rength, and for

dience bows t

ks, and merit

when, stripped of

holars and the

ms transmit the

toiled and poet

evel avarice[

ldiers, kings, u

hus when Freedom

ter kings, or

ruth that bid

osom drive th

reedom, taught a

age and tyrant

ory flower,

mpt or favor's

ooms the changef

repress them

rience tells,

ink must govern t

eedom's highest

proportioned

e order dispropo

eight must r

nd to all that

freedom when

ul, nor apt t

t approaching d

ding chiefs blo

al power to str

ld a factio

edom when them

ge new penal st

or, and rich men

imes where savag

aves to purchase

ustice, indig

, and bare my sw

atriot, half

tty tyrants t

urse with me th

ition struck a

ting honor in

sway the mind w

, round Britain'

exchanged for

riumphs but de

ers brightening

, her grandeu

epopulation

s where scatte

solitary p

n at pleasure's

ong-frequente

ous son, the si

tron, and the

r homes, a melan

mes beyond the

o[50] spreads he

] stuns with t

ps, as there so

orests and throug

th man divided

ndian marks wit

bove the giddy

d distressful

xile, bending

rful, and too f

k where England'

bosom sympath

in, my weary

ch only center

ed from pleasure

each governme

nment, though

kings or tyran

all that human

aws or kings can

lves in every

icity we ma

rse, which no l

oth current of

, the agonizi

,[52] and Damiens

from power but

ith, and conscie

descriptions and apt expressions of thought. The verse employed is the heroic couplet, the favorite verse of the eighteenth-cen

or Scheldt, empties into t

r. Carinthia is a p

ia includes, among other dist

brother, Henry, who lived in Ireland. To him he is said

t the philosopher pretend, if he will, tha

oets for young men living in

he equinoctial l

among the mountains in Camiola, Aust

, or shelving, means sloping gr

fies one of two; it has occasionally been used

hese times. Formerly, in many European countries, trade, even on a large scale, was considered belittl

cares, my own, m

Gelid,

winnow,

the close of the sixteenth she was exhausted and helpless; in 1748, by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, she was divided among various European powers; after a long struggle th

, and Florence were cities of great wealth

many noted buildings which the poet must have seen. Among these are

h anew in Italy, early in the Middle Ages, many of the columns used were ta

Later came Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian, and many others. Michelangelo (1475-1564) was sculptor, ar

merica and the opening of a route to India by the way of the Cape o

c ill, ill cau

umed by all the Roman emperors. Kaiser

uctive. [Transcriber's note: the word "productive" may be incorrect, given Swit

served as soldiers in different European countries as a means of earni

ees hotels, if not palaces. The Swiss hotels, like

t present, beside lower schools, seven institutions

st. Few of these can be

c. Possibly the poet allud

a picture that has not for centuries been true of the Swiss a people. Their pr

lore, the a

ch revolution, when the lower classes were miserably poor and the nobles reckless in their extravagance. France has now a remarkable sys

e, coarse w

rlands. The sovereign is the young quee

pire, a d

riber's note: should probably be "seventeenth"] century; then her commerce dwindled, and after 17

Netherlands can at present bo

given to the early inhabitants of Hollan

in a wood; not cultivated gr

land country in Greece, often mentione

, in India, about which many fabulous stories use

in the world have the nobility been so popular as in Englan

ong the warm-hearted people of Lissoy, was doubtless of

moral standards and were willing to use corrupt means to gain their ends. Still, the great body of the peopl

toil and the toilers think. When Goldsmith's line was written great i

e time. Although conditions gradually improved, many abuses rema

and was having serious trouble at the time this poem was written

slave trade was not abolished

fallen as to so

came to America willingly. The poet fails to un

regions named were in the wilderness.

be easy to mention the special good bestowed by c

the sixteenth century. George-not Luke-was put to death by means of a red-hot iron crown. In the Middle Ag

d to assassinate Louis XV in 1757. Before being put to death

SERTED

oveliest villag

plenty cheered th

pring its earli

mer's lingering

wers of innoce

h, when every sp

e I loitered

appiness endea

e I paused on

cot, the culti

ling brook, t

ch that topped the

h, with seats be

e and whisperi

I blessed the

tting lent its

llage train, f

orts beneath th

astime circled

ending as the

bol frolicked

rt and feats of s

each repeated

ts the mirthful

r that simply s

t to tire eac

rustless of hi

ughter tittered

rgin's sidelon

e that would those

rms, sweet village

ssion, taught ev

owers their cheer

arms-but all thes

lage, loveliest o

led, and all thy

ers the tyrant

on saddens a

r[3] grasps th

age stints thy

assy brook ref

h sedges, works

lades, a so

nding bittern

rt walks the la

r echoes with

owers in shape

ss o'ertops the

hrinking from th

hy children lea

and, to hasteni

ccumulates, an

rds may nouris

e them, as a bre

antry, their co

royed, can nev

, ere England's

of ground main

abor spread her

ife required, bu

nions, innocen

riches, ignor

ltered; trade's

d and disposs

where scattered

th and cumbro

ant to opul

g that folly

urs that plenty

es that asked bu

orts that graced t

ok, and brighten

arting, seek a

th and manner

arent of the bl

orn confess the

take my sol

ling walks and

ear elapsed,

ttage stood, the

kes with all h

ast, and turns t

rings round thi

fs-and GOD has

es, my latest h

umble bowers t

[7] life's tap

lame from wast

es, for pride a

to show my book-

e an evening

all I felt,

[8] whom hounds

lace from whence

es, my long vex

n-and die at

ent, friend to

care, that nev

ho crowns in s

bor with an a

ld where strong

s hard to comba

tches, born to

e, or tempt the

stands in guil

oring famine

es to meet hi

befriending Vi

rave with unpe

ion gently slo

ospects brighte

mences ere the

und, when oft at

ll the villag

d with careless s

otes came soft

onsive as the

that lowed to m

e that gabbled

ren just let loos

oice that bayed t

ugh that spoke

eet confusion s

pause the nigh

unds of popula

rmurs fluctuat

he grass-grown

loomy flush o

widowed, sol

ds beside the p

atron, forced i

ok with mantling

intry faggot

htly shed, and

of all the har

rian of the p

e, where once th

many a garden fl

ew torn shrubs t

her's modest mans

to all the

rich with fort

owns he ran h

ged, nor wished t

to fawn, or see

shioned to the

his heart had l

raise the wretch

nown to all the

derings but relie

mbered beggar

cending swept h

ndthrift, now

there, and had h

dier, kindly b

e, and talked

ounds or tales

utch and shewed h

uests, the good ma

t their vices i

merits or their

e ere charit

e the wretched

ilings leaned t

ty prompt at

ept, he prayed a

d each fond e

-fledged offspri

art, reproved

ter worlds, and

where parting

lt, and pain by

hampion stood.

ish fled the str

the trembling wr

tering accents w

h meek and una

orned the ve

lips prevailed

me to scoff, rema

ast, around t

eal, each hon

followed with

own to share the

a parent's warmt

sed him, and their

, his love, his g

ous thoughts had

ff that lifts it

le, and midway lea

east the rolling

hine settles

gling fence that

ed furze unp

isy mansion, ski

ster taught hi

he was, and s

ll, and every

ding tremblers

sters in his m

laughed with co

kes, for many

busy whisper

ismal tidings

d, or, if seve

re to learning

l declared how

could write, an

asure, terms and

y ran that he cou

o, the parson

vanquished, he

earned length an

zing rustics

zed, and still th

head could ca

ll his fame.

time he trium

rn, that lifts

gn-post caught th

e where nut-brown

mirth and smili

tesmen talked wit

lder than their

fondly stoop

endors of that

d wall, the nic

ock that clicked

trived a doub

a chest of dra

placed for or

ules,[20] the roy

ept when winter

hs and flowers

-cups, wisely ke

e chimney, gli

ry splendors!

ttering mansion

ks, nor shall

ance to the poor

re the peasan

ivion of his

mer's news, the

odman's ballad

h his dusky brow

rous strength,

elf no longer

the mantling

d, half willing

cup to pass it

ich deride, th

lessings of th

ar, congenial

rm, than all t

, where Nature h

, and owns thei

frolic o'er t

nmolested,

omp, the midni

aks of wanton we

riflers half th

leasure sicke

fashion's brig

rusting asks i

uth, ye statesma

joys increase,

judge how wide

lendid and a

tide with loads

ly hails them fr

ond the miser's

ock from all th

ains. This weal

useful product

The man of weal

ace that many

ake, his park's

horses, equipa

raps his limbs

e neighboring

rowth;[

re solitary s

ns the cottage

ld each needfu

uxuries the w

and adorned for

endor feebly

female unador

while youth con

rrowed charm tha

art the triumph

arms are past, fo

ances, and wh

s forth, solic

laring impot

land by luxur

plest charms at

decline, its

rike, its pal

by famine from t

asant leads his

inks, without

looms-a garde

! where, shall

ressure of con

n's fenceless li

lock to pick th

fields the sons

bare-worn com

y sped-what w

on that he mus

ousand banefu

ury, and thin

oys the sons o

his fellow-c

ourtier glitters

artist plies th

oud their long-dr

gibbet glooms

leasure holds he

ed, admits the go

deur crowds the

ariots clash, t

e these no trou

enote one un

ous thoughts?-Ah,

houseless shive

ps, in village

les of innocen

oks the cotta

mrose peeps bene

; her friends,

yer's door she

cold, and shrinkin

t deplores that

t, ambitious o

eel and robes o

uburn,-thine, the

ibes participa

aps, by cold a

oors they ask a

tant climes, a

convex world in

racts with faint

ama[25] murmur

re from all that

errors of tha

suns that dart

y shed into

ods, where bird

in drowsy clus

ields with rank l

scorpion gather

tep the strange

errors of the

gers[26] wait thei

more murderous

hirls the mad

vaged landscape

these from eve

ok, the grassy

vert of the w

tered thefts o

sorrows gloomed

m from their na

xiles, every pl

wers, and fondly

g farewell, an

these beyond th

still to face t

t, and still ret

ire the first

rlds, and wept

f, in consciou

for worlds be

hter, lovelier

anion of his

xt, neglectful

ver's for a f

ints the mother

cot where every

houghtless babes

m close, in sor

husband strove

ilent manlin

cursed by Heave

d are things lik

tions, with i

pleasure onl

ee, to sickly

rid vigor not

more large and

ss of rank u

strength, and ev

sink, and spre

devastation

usiness of des

nks, as ponderi

al virtues le

nchoring vessel

ing flaps with

y move, a me

hore, and darke

il, and hosp

ubial tendern

h wishes plac

oyalty, and

t Poetry, thou

fly where sensu

e degenerate

rt, or strike fo

nymph, neglect

crowds, my s

all my bliss,

poor at first,

hich the nobler

every virtue,

! where'er thy

s,[27] or Pambam

equinoctial

s the polar wo

voice, prevail

gors of the in

uth with thy pe

an to spurn th

ates of native str

or, may still

ud empire hastes

s the labored

pendent power

t the billows

et had in mind any special place when writing of "Sweet Auburn," it was probably Lissoy, in Ireland, where he grew up; but the village of his imagina

ng. Consult the dictionary for

cleared spa

e house and turn the entire region into parks or hunting grounds. Such a man was not necessarily a tyrant. In many cases t

aracter. Although this is not the inevitable consequen

easily make new lords by conferring titles upon their favorites. This was a common practice in former times. Now, in Engl

s evils in all civilized countries to-day, especially in the condition of the poorest people in large cities, the working

or manage with economy. The

beginning with h, even when that letter was soun

to, eagerly

nevertheless it is true that the feeling of responsibility for poor and the u

t charming character sketches in English literature. To find its like in poetry one must go back to Chaucer's picture of the "poor parson" in the Pro

sing, sur

ve in some instances changed their cree

om warm human sympathy rather than from a

ul. Fled is sometimes used t

ce how effective awful

ums in arithmetic;

uld tell when courts were to be held and when certain t

city of casks and other vessels containing alcoholic liquors. These had to b

veal no secrets," "Keep no bad company." They can

rticipat

he Altamaha, a

lging his imagination. The people of Georgia doubtless find

s to some region near the river Torneo, or T

ide. Pambamarca is a

e, carefully cons

RT B