ssinating the Biscayan, and stealing a thousand ounces, which

informer supply? W

e Jug, the Mayor appeared to take his decl

der the seal of confession did I reveal my crime. Your worship will of course repres

, but he found an advocate (the marvel would have been had he not) prepare

se in the deepest mystery, all its details were devoured wi

the Jesuits, sought diligently for opportunit

ugh the accused sustained his integrity, he presented no other proof than his own word, that a Jesuit was the author of the

the murderer of his uncle, while the trustees of the various h

in the case, and the air was filled with

y Don Philip V declared that it would be for the public convenience, and the decorum of the Church as well as f

os de Ayala marched to Spain under orde

ew of those who were favourably mentioned in the wi

on had its attention and time distracted by making preparation t

re allowed to suppose that the King hit upon some conciliatory expedient which brought peace to all the li

ely that it has been eaten of moths, and hence the pretext

ll and its codicils, that when the custodian of such things at last produced something w

ne other than the Marquis of Castelfuerte. And ever since, when

which only a Spaniard could have conc

will stand him in good stead at the fashionable training grounds of the world's gladiators, and the boy is seen to forsake figures and take to poetry, to

lves in writing books, in amusing themselves when they should be at work, and in writing poetry when they should be making money. And yet the cultivation of literature for its own sake by any people ought not only to be viewed with favour, it should be carefully watched, to see if it be a real national growth or on

and the other to be described by a Peruvian genius who shall do for Peru and P

y have hitherto travelled. If the work has been delayed, it is because the people have too long retained the spirit of the former times to make it possible for them to profit by any explanation of the past. Monarchists yet, because they have ne

o have hitherto only believed in the power of the sword, we may rest assured that an important change has se

TER

Church in China on Peruvian bark, it is true that the Government of Peru has for more than a generation subsisted on guano, and the foundations of its greatness have been foundations of the same[3];-the

those famous agriculturists, the Incas, who five centuries ago used it as a servant. With the change which changed the Incas from off the face of the earth, came the strangest change of al

ceeds, if it had not trampled its own soil into sand, and killed not only the corn, the trees, and

has ranged from ￡12 to ￡12 10s. and ￡13 the ton, Peru may be said to have turned a pretty penny by the transac

ion tons. One of my informants, a man intimately connected with the export and sale of this guano, assured me that there are not at this hour more than two million tons in the whole of the Republi

, Jews, Greeks, infidels and others; although I have no sympathy with them, yet on condition that they b

e expect that my statements will be received with some consideration. They have certa

inds of heaven for the same period had heaped upon them from the mainland, and the slower but no less degrading influences of a tropical sun, attended with the ever humid air, dense mists, fogs and exhalations,

Before this painful and expensive process had been completed, various other courageous guesses had been made, and the Government engineers were divided among themselves in their estimates. One enthusiastic group of t

e million tons of guano on the Pabellon de Pica. The exact quantity will

he sea which washes its base. It is connected by a short saddle with the mountain range, which runs north and south along the whole

pens to be caught in its fury. A mind not troubled by the low price of Peruvian bonds, or whether even the next coupon will be paid, might imagine that the gods, in mercy to th

a generous palm fifteen hundred feet wide, had thrust itself up from below, through this loaf of sugar, or dry dung, t

ogether, or the winstone palm in which it rests. There are eighteen large and small gorges formed by the nineteen stone fingers.

by contract, the contractors-a limited company of native capitalists-will, as a matter of course, claim a considerable sum for removing stones and sand, and equally as a matter of course they will be paid: and they deserve to be paid. No hell has ever been conceived by the Hebrew, the Irish, the Italian, or even the Scotch mind for appeasing the anger and satisfying the vengeance of their awful gods, that can be equalled in the fierceness of its heat, the horror of its stink, and

t of boulders and mortar, still stand, and so does their little church, built after the same fashion, but better, and raised from the earth on three tiers, each

Plimsoll, or other shipping reformer, may learn something likewise of the lives of English seamen passed during a period of eight months in the neighbourhood of a Peruvian gu

. 146, 'we found abundance of penguins, and boobies, and seal in great abundance.' Also in vol. iv. 178 he says, 'from Tucames to Yancque is twelve leagues, from which place they carry clay to lay in the valleys of Arica and Sama. And here live some few Indian people, who are continually d

half of tons at this deposit, or series of deposits, ten in number, all overlooking the sea. The guano is good. If the method of shipping it were equally good the Government might save the large amount which they at present lose. I have no hesitation in saying, that for every 900 tons shipped, 200 tons of guano are lost in the sea by bad management

s had an oriental expression. The number of whales on this coast must at one time have been very great. They are still to be met with several hundred miles west, in the latitude of Payta.

dows of the clouds in the zenith passed over the shining surface they appeared to be not shadows, but last night's clouds which had fallen from the sky, so dense w

the dung has been stored as if by careful hands. The earthquake however has played sad havoc with the storing. From a great height above, enormous pieces of

y be fairly estimated at e

; and it is not unlikely that the whole of them may have to wait for the same length of time. An impression has got abroad that the reason of this delay is the absence of guano. It is a natural inference for the captain of a ship to draw, and it is just the kind of information an ignorant man would send home to his employers. It is however absol

ninhabited and without any of the common necessaries of life, which in Peru may be said to be not very few, I did not visit it, and am content to

he, very small, Islotas de Pajaros, Quebrada de Pica, Patache, and all other points further north, up to la Bahia de l

disappointed creditors. Many of the three hundred ships lying off the three principal deposits of the South, have been there for very long periods of time, and a considerable bill for demurrage has been contracted. The question is who is to pay the shipowners' claim, and probably the law courts will have to answer the question. It would appear at first sight that this charge should be paid by Dreyfus. According to the first article of the contract between that firm and the Government of Peru, Dreyfus was to purchase two million tons of guan

detained by command of the President of the Republic, who, acting on certain subterranean knowledge, refused to despatch the ships, or to allow them to proceed to the deposits. Dreyfus, the President insisted, had already taken away all the guano that belonged to them, and therefore the ships which they had chartered for carrying

t of guano, and we have been charged with endeavouring to appropriate a larger quantity than that which

ry for us to satisfy the public and inform the country

l do our house the justice to which we are entitled by these few particulars, the truth of which is pro

0, 1875, as per account delivered, embra

nthly instalments, loading, sal

our of our hou

the value of cargoes despatched up to

g, 394,966 tons at

Callao 110,657 tons

,181

lance in our fav

erest in account curre

ps at the deposits a

00,

alance in our fav

as the average value of g

s entitled to, even if all the vessels had left which are at the deposits a

onsider his opinions of more value than those of the tribunals of just

Hermano

Dec. 3

rked with a ? is uncertain; no ships are loaded in Callao. If the Government can sustain its suit against Dreyfus on that part of the second ar

enta y riesgo del gobierno abordo de las lanchas destinadas a la carga de dichos buques' [or, in plain English, 'this guano sh

ches; not because the launches were not there; not because there was no guano at the deposits;-but si

e as silent upon it as dumb dogs. I have since heard, on high authority, that the reply of the Go

ness of one or two of my countrymen and several Americans in command of guano ships, Her Majesty's Consular agent, and the agent of the house of Dreyfus, who did all they could to provide me with wholesome food, German beer, and clean beds,

standing out of the sea like living things, reflecting the light of heaven, or forming soft and tender shadows of the tropical sun on a blue sea. Now thes

dence, in fact, of innumerable creatures predestined from the creation of the world to lay up a store of wealth for the British farmer, and a store of quite another sort for an immaculate Republican government. One passa

e 80.41.50, beneath a blue sky, and apparently rolling out of an equally blue sea. Here is the only large deposit that has remained untouched; here you may walk about among great

more than a mile in length and half a mile in width. T

sand mark in a well defined manner the courses of several once strong and rapid streams. But if the poor guano, that namely

for sale in a market-place; are about the same size, and stand as high from the ground. These nests are made by the joint efforts of the male and female birds; for there is no moss, or lichen, or grass, or twig, or weed, available, or within a hundred miles and more: even the sea does not yield a leaf. As a rule, about one hundred and fifty nests form a farm. It has been computed b

nment has lived now on their produce for more than thirty years; why should it not take a benign and

up a painful shriek. Had it kept its mouth shut, the umbrella had travelled in another direction. As the noise came from a peculiar cave-like aperture in the high rocks, I sat down in front, watched the movements of the bird, who kept up a dismal noise, evidently resenting my intrusion on her private affairs. After a brief space I marched slowly up to the bird, who, when she saw me determined to come on, deliberately rose from her nest, and became engaged in some frant

bis on the Nile, the native companion in its quiet nooks on the Murray, the laughing jackass in the Bush of Australia, the cura?oa of Central America, the tapa culo of the South American desert, the albatross of the South Pacific. I can see them all still, or their ghosts, whenever I choose to shut my eyes, a process whi

eposits of Lobos de Afuera. Although there is not more than one shipload of guano left, I was glad to see the place for many reasons. It will be recollected that it was on the guano said to exist on this and

h the sea has scooped out affording them sufficient protection from the 'fun'-pursuing Peruvian, who delights in killing, where there is no danger, an animal twice his own size, and whose existence is quite as important as his own. Or if the lobos did leave, they also have returned. This would go to prov

e reason. A little further on were the graves of some fifty full-grown persons, 'Asiatics,' probably, who had purposely fallen asleep. Walking down the steady slope of the island till I came to the edge of the sea, which rolled below me some hundred and twenty feet, I came suddenly in front of a thousand lobos, all basking in the sun after their morning's bath. It was a sight certainly new, entertaining, and instructive. The young lobos are silly little things, and look as if it had not taken much trouble to make them; a child could carve a baby lobo out of a log, that would be quite as good to look at as one of these. But the old fathers, patriarchs, kings, or presidents of the herd, are as impressive as some of

miles long, or more. Here are great deposits of guano, the extent and value of which are not yet known. It is certain that

les from the shore, and this explains the reason why the guano deposits of Lobos de Tierra were not worked before. Still the quantity of rich material found there is great, and it is the only place where I came on sal ammoniac

not be found; the colour of their skin is simply beautiful, but they are very little children in understanding. It is only fair to say that with their raw fish they consume a plentiful amount of chicha, a fermented liquor made from maize, the ancient beer of Peru: and very good liquor it is, very sustaining, and, taken in excess, as intoxicating as that of the immortal Bass. These hardy fishers visit all these islands in their balsas, great raft

h England and its literature, proud of his country, jealous for its honour, and keenly alive to the disgrace into which she has been dragged by the wicked men who have gone to their doom. Should this generation, represented by one whom I am allowed to call my friend-who, though born in the Guano Age is not of it,-rise into power, the rising generation in England may see wh

e what remained to be seen of the precious dung in other parts of Peru. The following wil

tude. Longitu

o

7.43.20 79

49.30 79.

.49.30 78

6.50 78.

8.57.0 78.

03.0 78.

ol 9.10.0 7

9.12.0 78.

Pajaros 9.12.

.21.30 78

39.40 78.

9.40.0 78

9.45.30 78

9.53.0 78

54.40 78.

0.00.20 7

10.02.0 78

al 10.25.0 78

11.48.0 7

him so faithful and trustworthy in those cases-the more important of them all-where I have had the opportunity of comparing his calculations with my own, that I have not hesitated to adopt

south, Peru has at present in her possession, in round

re certain unmistakable indications of even large deposits which may lie buried a hundred feet below the sand on the slopes of the southe

PTE

ibility of the former becoming exhausted, the Government has adopted measures by which it may secure a new source of income, in order

as possible after it was found that the January coupon could not be paid. The assurance came too late for any practical purposes, and it merely demonstrated the fact that the P

deposits of nitrate, that it was unaware of the actual amount of guano still remaining in the deposits of the north and the south. We may also safely believe that the Peruvian Government did not at the time of t

g its obligations to its foreign creditors even though the guano should give out, it does not much concern us to enquire. The effect of such an appeal cannot fail to be prejudicial to the credit of Peru; and men or dealers in

nt and his nitrate lands. In an incredibly short time no less than fifty-one nitrate makers had given in their consent to sell their works to the Government, and the price was fixed upon each, and each was measured, inventoried, and closed. The total sum to be paid for these establishments was 18,000,000 dols. But they remained to be conveyed. The civil power had displayed considerable activity; now th

end of the month, in order to be sure. In the midst of this, General Prado, the possible future President o

nd a station-house built somewhere in the Milky Way, which it is destined probably this marvellous line shall ultimately reach. And if London would only lend Peru, say another ￡10,000,000, then Lima would r

contracts in his pocket-which will supply a larger income to Peru than the guano in all its glory ever did,-for the purpose of asking the bondholders to be merciful. The General finally left Callao for Europe on the 21st, amidst the forebodings of his friends, and the ill-concealed joy of his foes, but without the nitrate documents being signed. S

on it that all would be well and truly finished. In the stead of this, President Pardo 'reminds the Banks of an item which up to that period had never been dreamed or thought of, e

fabric of the nitrat

important nitrate matters, and thereby destroying a great and important national industry. He may also have been desirous to bury, in an oblivion of his own making, the honest compromise contained in the despatch of Don Juan Ignacio Elguera. A further light may have dawned on the Presidential mind, namely, that it will be perfectly easy

he 'purchase' of the nitrate properties, is evident from the terms of the

sible, that funds for the purpose have been raised in Europe; payment shall be by bills on London

the Peruvian Government, and to what shifts it can resort, or is compelled to make under adverse circumstances, or circumstances into which it

ent acknowledged to have received from the export of this article the sum of 2,250,000 dols. Should the permanent sale of nitrate reach 5,000,000 quintals per annum, there is n

ishments proposed to be bought by the Government are ca

. There are several large 'Oficinas,' as they are called, which have,

evel of the sea, and contains not less than 150 square miles of land, which

of her simplicity and beauty by embellishing her, as they call it, with art. All that remains of the straw-thatched rancho of Chorrillos, with its unglazed windows, its mud floors, its hammocks, and its freedom, is its name. An oficina twenty or thirty years ago, was no doubt a mere office made of wood, hammered together hastily, as an extemporary protection from the sun by day, and the cold dews and airs of the night: in appearance resembling nothing else but an Australian outhouse. An oficina of to-day is a very

, men making boilers, men attending on waggons, bending iron plates, stoking fires, breaking up caliche, wheeling out refuse, putting nitrate into sacks, and other miscellaneous labour, requiring great intelligence to direct and great endurance to carry on; and all beneath the fierce heat of a sun, unscreened by trees or clouds, the glare of which on the white substance which is in process of being turned over, broken, and carried from one point to another, is as painful as looking into a blast furnace. Beyond the great and busy area where all these varied operations are carried on the eye stretches across a desert of brown earth, which is terminated by soft rolling hi

he use of gunpowder comes back on the memory, and is perhaps the nearest simile that can be used. And this is an oficina! one of the silliest and most inadequ

some trades and processes which not only brutalise the labourers on whom rests the toil of carrying them on, but which no less degrade the mind of those who direct them; and the nitrate manufacture is one of these. 'Joe,' one of the house dogs, fell into one of the heated tanks of the oficina where I was staying, and his quick but dreadful death made more impression on some than did the untimely death of a man who was k

ked out,' as we might say, and contains abou

ioned above; as, for instance, those of Gildemeister and Co., and

n at ￡19 the ton, although ￡12 and ￡12 10s. is its present market value. The acquisition by the Peruvian Government of this industry was patriotic, even if it were not wise. It was done with the intention of paying the foreign creditors of the Republic. Si

rty, but an altogether ignoble form of extravagance, and even wasteful magnificence. We must have our army, our navy, our President, his ministers, our judges, our priests, our ambassadors, our newspapers, stationery, bunting, gas for the p

items which, so far as the people are

y republican nations, forgetting, or, what is much more likely, never having known, that dea

g its own laws for a generation past, and it is now time that this illegal conduct should cease. This is backed up by reminding all men, and especially Peruvians, who will derive great comfort from it, that England having recognised the primary fact that it is the first duty of a man to live, has abolished imprisonment for debt in her own dominions, and therefore she cou

sue her present policy of internal improvement, and help these men, who for the most part are very wealthy, to remain peaceably in office for say ten years longer-or say six-but at least,

iful,' let them insist on their pound of flesh, and everything denominated in their bond, they will share the fate of Shylo

it in August last under the presidency of General Prado, cannot defend the country from revol

e million pounds sterling on the chance of making two millions, might easily-or if not easily, yet with pains-bring back the corrupt days of Balta and Castilla, and, with shame be it said,

ed supreme power in peace, but there have followed two atte

PTE

n offered for a further loan of money, were the railways of Peru. They are six in number, only one of which is finished according to the original contracts. The amount of mileage however is considerable, so also may be said to be their cost, for the Governm

national produce, if there were any produce ready to carry. But the Government built their railways without considering what are the primary and elementary use of railways. It is incredible, but none the less true, that the Peruvians believing the mercantile 'progress' of the United States to spring from ra

here it took the form of a religious delirium. The Peruvians believed that if they offered a great and wonderful railway to the deities of industry, great and happy commercial times would follow. Just as they believe that give a priest a

s magician a few thousand miles of iron rails to form two parallel lines, and a steam engine to run along them, and the vile body of the Peruvian Republic should b

ements and apparatus for making the most notable railway of this age[9], poured into Peru marked with the name of Meiggs. You could no more breathe without Meiggs, than you could eat your dinner without swallowing dust, sleep without the sting of fleas or the soothing trumpet of musquitoes. Meiggs everywhere; in sunshine and in storm, on the sea and on the heights of the world, now called Mount Meiggs; in the earthquake[10], and in the peaceful atmosphere of the most elegant society in the world. The wonderful activity on the Mollendo and Arequipa railway, carried on without ceasing, produced an ecstasy of hope, and also an eruption of blasphemy. Every valley was to be

bably never

sh; it is only a matter of expense.' The Peruvians, aided by the archpriest Meiggs, 'the Messiah of railways, who was to bring salvation to the Peruvia

ted a commission to collect data and make calculations for a railway between Lima and Jauja. Nothing, however, was done until 1864, when Congress autho

Lima to Jauja; and others which the Republic might need-a very respectable order to be given in one day. The Oroya Railway was to be 145 miles in length, and to cost 27,600,000 dols. To Puno the length was to be 232 miles from Arequipa, and the cost 35,000,000 dols. F

sgusting eloquence, which day by day held all people in suspense. 'As puissant as colossal are the labours of the administration of Col. Don José Balta, who

tay to enquire. Goldsmith was called an inspired idiot: and per

mly. He has done more than this, he has created and conserved the habit of work in all the nation, demonstrating by the argument of deeds that revolutions spring principally from idleness.

the railway, which, running through a tropical forest, connects the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean. Meiggs himself must have known it well; but neither he nor any of the inspired idiots who drowned him in butter had the valour to make mention of it by one poor word. The bridge over the Chagres river is of more utility, as it will win more enduring fame, than all the bridges on the Oroya, including those which 'are sixteen thousand feet above the level of the sea.' The Oroya bridges bear the same relation to those on the Panama Railway as the feat of the man who walked across the Falls of Niagara bears to the economy of walking. As Blondin was the only man who made any profit out of that performance, so Meiggs, the Messiah of railways, will be the only person who will for some time to come profit by the building of

was a poet w

lls the edge

cognised fountain of practical knowledge; and as for the native edge of Peruvian industry, it is about as du

PTE

se having been noticed with no scant justice, another matter remains for examination, which may b

al navigation, as well as railroads,-has she the moral qualities to develop these riches and make the best use of them? In plain words, has Peru ceased to be a hotbed of revolution? is there any hope that the r

ew months been comparatively easy to a portion of the London press to defame the character of Peru; to find reasons why its bonds should be held only as waste paper, and even to prove to the satisfaction of its fond and eager readers that she is in an utterly bankrupt state. The same accomplished writers, if it suited their purpose, could as easily prove, wi

ays, when I had

llow of the s

way with more

r forth, and by

h. I urge this

follows is pu

h, and, like

we is lost; bu

ther arrow t

hoot the first,

ch the aim, o

r latter haz

rest debtor f

erious questions meet w

souls. The people of Peru know as much of liberty as they know of the Virgin Mary. The priests once or twice a year dress the image of the Jewish maiden in tawdry attire, put a tinsel crown on her head, and call her the Mother of God and the Queen of Heaven, and the people fall down and worship; which they are perfectly at liberty to do, as the impostors who lead them to do so may get their living in that way, as all other impostors obtain theirs who possess the people's grace. In like fashion, all that the people know of liberty they know thus. They know as much of it as

ly-entertaining and instructive book. Two of his longest articles, however, are devoted, the first to the subject of 'Independence,' and the second to 'Revolution.' The manner in which the author concludes the first is suggestive: 'On one day,' he says, 'we were all brothers and countrymen; brothers by blood, and countrymen of a land which we had just i

tretches across the page a

ys, 'is nothing more than the orga

ple for going to war with Spain was genuine, and Prado, not at all a man of revolutionary tastes, easily overthrew Canseco, because of his Spanish tendencies. Prado was subsequently elected President in 1867, but was overthrown by Balta and Canseco the year following, and Colonel (now Gene

one may find himself. Had there been among the Peruvian soldiers on that day as much knowledge of gunnery as there was

the proceeds of the public guano that the people rose against him, flocked to the standard of Castilla, whom they kept in power for twelve years, and sent Echenique into ignoble exile. If that could be proved in favour of the Peruvian people, it should be done at once. But no

ch affection for their masters, and slavery existed only in name. When the blacks, however, were 'liberated,' they became like a mob of mules without burdens, without guide or master, and they wandered a

n 'some of the richest silver mines in the world.' Now they will do nothing of the kind, and the Government has not only lost an income of 2,000,000 dols. a year, they have lost the services of

Peruvian men-snatchers, attempts were made on the inoffensive people of the diocese of modern evangelisation, and in the course of time the rich people of Lima had the opportunity of buying a few men, women, and girls, who had been stolen from some of the islands of the Pacific. But these for some mysterious reasons died off, after having cost the Peruvian Government a serious sum of money, and some people their reputation. It was, however, imperatively necessary, owing to the demands of

been no guano to demoralise everybody, himself included, Castilla might have become a great man, and the Peruvian people been lifted up by him in the scale of humanity. As it is, Castilla and everybody else fulfilled the prediction of the Hebrew prophet in a

h this chapter opens.-If Peru is not a Republic, and there have not been more t

, in a manner that is sickening to any one who is not a moral eunuch[14]. Only those who are rich enough to escape to Chile are saved from the above gentle process. General Prado is one of these favou

orant, excitable and superstitious. They are fond of serving their masters, they like to be called 'children' by the great Colon

does not contain the word Republic, does contain the

cially speaking, in each one doing what he likes. By thus understanding libert

s, that which the law has not forbidden, in not damaging another i

of its members are unable to expre

ore of its industries are prohibited un

res not, or is unable to a

ich does not possess politic

ies and covenants mad

ever supposing itself entitled to falsif

corn whatever crime affe

o maintain its freedom, which is without sufficient spirit to provide itself with good institutions, and af

elf republican, if it has not renounced the

ws, and have afterwards abandoned them at the caprice of me

ey thus hop

manners, by the custom of respecting the law and making it respected, by respecting the rights of others, and making them respected by all; to be just with all the world

of poetic truth, of which the book is full, 'the greater number of our liberals are like musica

l over Lima for complete copies of his works to send to Philadelphia, but it allows those whom he has left behind him, and who bear his name, to languish in obscurity and in want; and Don Manuel Pardo and his ministers, good in many things though they may be, are in others nothi

age,' the personal friend of Meiggs, who had taken anarchy captive in an iron net, was shortly afterwards in the mos

re not to be relied upon in days of great excitement, and when there

ssion carrying an enormous wax candle a yard long, and as thick as a rolling-pin, or at the Theatre

ccounts? Never. Does not the free press of Lima support the Government, or now and then criti

ment and mystery its chief force. So mysterious are the ways of the Executive that itself is not unfrequently a mystery to itself. No Peruvian Government has ever

pe and the Immaculate Conception have appeared in the Lima press. Their teachers, in brief, have ridiculed the gods of the people and given them

ld be conferred on any brother mason who would adopt the orphan child of any who had died fighting against any form of tyranny, and the medal is to be worn as a badge of honour on the person of the owner. Freemasonry in Peru is an open m

difficult to answer the question

ese statements is pure rhetoric, or mere private opinion,

on, from the national guano? What is there to show for the many million pounds ste

add that the greatest authority in Peru has stigmatised these railways as locuras, or follies. This is

ng the whole of its coast. All the fructifying rivers of the hills still steal into the sea. Had half the money which has been spent on

is enough to convince even a Peruvian President who knows somethin

e are several ironclads and men-of-war in the Bay of Callao, for what use or of

that a country like Peru, which can boast of as many seaports as it can of first-class to

t nearly a mile into the sea; as the Oroya railway, like a mighty python, creeps up t

e most modest of the man's wishes, and these suddenly show their strength, even the strength, as some have found to their cost, of resistless passion. It is thus with this Pacific sea. When it comes against a rocky shore, or the miserable wooden barriers which the Peruvian Government have put up for the convenience and comfort of passengers, and the despatch of business, it becomes mor

y from the shore a boat full of anxious and highly dressed colonels and sugar-boilers, editors and lawyers, get drenched to the

, which cannot be equalled in any other part of the civilised or uncivilised world, including New Guinea or Eragomanga. And as it is now, so it was twenty years ago. A steamer, the European mail for example, drops its anchor about two miles from the shore. It is then surrounded by a hundred small boats, each containing two, sometimes more, coloured me

ir opposite, men who work and scoundrels who prey upon other people's labour, priests and colonels, knowledge and igno

TNO

lish, the Indies are the 'refuge and shield of the hopeless ones of Spain, the sanctuary of the fraudulent, the protection of the murderer, the occasion and pretext of gamesters (as certain experts in the art are called), the common snare of free women, the universal imposture of the many and the specific reparation of the few.'-El Zeloso Estreme?o. In La Espa?ol

a de los Estrangeros en el Peru,' per Felix

the following passage from the report of

UA

ngrandecimiento, y la conservacion del órden publico.' Which may be done into the vulgar tongue faithfully and well as follows-So great is the value of this branch of the national riches, that without exaggeration it may

o in the north, was in the early days so populous that Padre Melendez, quoted by Unanue, compared one of the small valleys to an ant hill; and now 'no

e the sword has carried off its thousands, the infernal stuff known as brandy, the small pox, and other epidemics,

e puede llamar el Mesias de los ferrocarriles para la salvacion de la Republi

f Alta Villa,

de su origen construcion é inauguracion.'-Lima, p. 96. 'Ese hombre era Enrique Meiggs, cuyo nombre va

nity I am indebted to the Lima newspapers of t

az-So

Mr. Meiggs subscribed $50,000 for the sufferers in the terrible

s morning, April 26, and quite by accident, I came on a little print

DS IN TH

from the New York Sun of January 16, and gives an accoun

trating hazel eye. He has an important share in the management of his brother's affairs. "Peru," he said, "is richer in the precious metals than any other country in the world. Our engineers in building the railroad fro

there are marvels of engineer

t above the level of the sea. Some of the bridges, too, are very lofty

is said to be worth seve

owed there or elsewhere he has paid. He has not been a seeker of contracts. On

ore for the conveyance of water along t

il de Arequipa

Peru or a government by the military. This would seem to be true, seeing that since Peru became a