to the Spa

nia

or me, my streaming eyes were turned to heaven in prayer that

my heart was to raise my voice in friendship, the voice with which I have ever s

nly consolation in this great misfortune is to open my

Regent of the realm, I shall attempt to excite your passions; on the contrary, I have done everything to calm them and wo

us ardour to defend the throne of your Sovereigns; that you had defended it at the price of your blood, and that in days of glorious memory you had deserved well of your country and of Europe. I then swore to devote myself to th

inful experiences as mother and wife while my husband's life and my daughter's throne were endangered could not distract me from my duties as Queen: at my voice universities were opened; at my voice long-standing abuses disappeared and useful reforms, wisely considered, were brought forward; at my voice those who had sought in

vocation of the first Cortes, my power was unique, but it was not despotic, or absolute, or arbitrary, for it was limited by my will. The most dignified people in the realm and the Council of Government, which I was bound to consult by the last wishes of my august husban

If others have trampled it under foot, they must be respo

to avoid infringement of it, I then made the last and greatest of sacr

l tribulations upon me, I shall speak to you as my digni

at Valencia. During this deplorable period, the municipality of Madrid revolted against my authority, an example followed by other important towns. The rebels insisted that I should condemn the conduct of Ministers who had loyally served me

Constitutions; I could not accept the third condition without infringing the Constitution, which regards as law any measure voted by the Cortes and sanctioned by the supreme head of the State, and which places a law once sanctioned beyond the sphere of the royal authority; I could not accept the fourth con

stery to man, has permitted injustice and ingratitude to prevail. Doubtless for that reason the small number of those who hated me were emboldened to insult me, while the large number of those who loved me had so far lost courage as to offer me nothing but silent compassion as a testimony of their affection. There were some who offered me their swords, but I did not accept their offer, preferring martyrdom in isolation to the certain prospect of

diadem a crown of thorns. At length my strength failed; I laid aside my sceptre and my crown to breathe t

ained by calumny, and in so doing I have performed the last of my duties. She who was your

s, Novemb

Maria C

PHICAL

have been already noted in more detai

een years. He was eventually captured in 1847 by General Lamoricière, sent to France, and imprisoned at Pau, then at Amboi

d in 1801 Fran?ois Pignatelli of Belmonte, Duc d'Acerenza. She was the third

and married Lord Acton as her first husband. Her second

ter of King Louis-Philippe, over w

olph of Hapsburg, to the exclusion of Albert, son of this Prince. Germany revolted against hi

fre went to the barricades in the Faubourg Saint Antoine and was struck by a bullet while

became his favourite. He gave her a castle at Loches, the comté of Penthièvre, the manors of Roquessière, Issoudun, an

(1780-1843). Spanish

of the Baron de St. Joseph. She married in 1808

ia, Lady.* Daughte

). Italian tragic poet. He secret

ife of King Louis-Philippe on the evening of June

08 to 1810. He was Financial Minister, and afterwards, under King

he Constitutional Monarchy of July, he suddenly changed under the influence of the ideas of 1848, and took pa

A society figure and Englis

equested him to undertake the education of the Prince Royal, afterwards Frederick William IV. Admitted to the court, Ancillon was influential there until his death. He married three ti

f M. Royer Collard. She ma

sh Army. He married in 1837 the daughter of the Duke of Frias and

tau, he married his cousin, Marie Thérèse Charlotte, only daughter of King Louis XVI. He was Commander-in-Chief of the French Army sent to Spain

e title of Madame Royale. She shared the captivity of her family, and in 1795 the Directory consented to exchange her for the commissaries sent back by Austria.

Queen of France and Regent dur

of Brittany, she married in succession Charles VIII. and Louis XII., a

t of Tuscany, then Ambassador at Rome until 1825. Afterwards he was Ambassador at London and then at

r of State in 1817, and then Peer of France. From 1830 onwards he was a member of seve

tirement here he translated the Confessions of St. Augustine, wrote memoirs, &c. His son was the Marquis de Pompon

gid Christianity of the Jansenistes, and became the militant theologian of Port Royal. He composed in collabora

er of Arnauld d'Andilly and of A. Arnauld. She was Abbess of Port Royal des Ch

y and Abbess of Port Royal, as was her aunt, the Mother Superior Angélique de Sainte Madeleine. She ha

Brussels in 1836 and Paris from 1840 to 1848. After a short time at Be

Pontifical posts. In 1827 he married Marie Gabrielle de Villefranche-Carig

lle de Villefranche. Daughter of the Baron de

campaigns of the Empire, and under the Restoration became aide-de-camp to the Duc d'Orléans. Under the July monar

nel of Infantry. In 1823 he married Mlle. Rouil

the daughter of the Comte Pierre d'Aubusson. She

. Duchess of Cambridge. She was daughter

lliant military exploits in Algiers. He left France in 1848 and returned after 1871. He again became an exile, and did not return until 1889.

r who translated many German books into Eng

his brother Louis in 1830. He married Princess Sophi

Beauharnais, Chamberlain to the Empress Marie Louise. She married in

Charles Louis of Baden and of Stéphanie de Beauharnais. She mar

ation, who was killed at the Borodino in 1812. In 1830 the Princess married an English Col

e Balbi and became Lady of Honour to the Comtesse de Provence. The Comte de Provence, afterwards Louis X

ting and publishing establishment which he had inherited. He then settled at Paris, where he became inti

le and remarkable contemporary novelists, especially

ons, Prefect of the Vendée and of the Loire-Inférieure, then Deputy, Peer of France, and Ambassador at St. Petersburg. As wr

'Houdetot. Of Creole origin, s

the Academy of Fine Arts at Dresden, he executed the frescoes in the throne-room of the royal castle of that tow

). Director of the Museum of the Louvre

(1791-1873). F

-1863). French magis

Guard, was compromised and condemned to death for his share in the outbreak upon the funeral of General Lamarque; he escaped and fled to London. Afterwards he returned to France

Lord Henry Bathurst, one of the

(1798-1840). Née Ba

te* (1774-1848). Aide-de-

great fashionable mill

uc de la Vauguyon. She married, in 1787, Alexandre, Duc de Bau

the Duc de Montmorency. She married, in 1819, Prince Théodore de

. Born in 1822. He married, in 184

he Restoration and received his Cardinal's hat in 1817. The previous year he h

Professor of Philosophy at the College of Strasburg in 1816, and took orders in 1828. In 1849 Mgr. Sibour, Arc

aden, daughter of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden; she

avaria in 1825 on the death of his father, Maximilian I. King L

Daughter of Duke Frederick of Saxe-Hild

II., son of King Louis I., whom he succeeded in 1

first wife, in 1840, Mlle. Marie d'Aubusson de La Feuill

sinated at the foot of the altar by the courtiers of Henry II.,

ed at Paris. In 1822 he went to Italy, and in 1825 he settled at Berlin, where he be

of the, Leopold

'Orléans (1812-1850). Second wife of Leopold

Belgiojoso published in 1846, under an obvious pseudonym, a work in four volumes, entitled An Essay on the Formation of Catholic Dogma, which aroused much discussion. When Piedmont declared war upon Austria in 1848 the Princess hastened to Milan, fitted out and paid a battalion

of the staff of the Emperor Nicholas I. of Russia. He

* Born in 1811.

nister of War under Louis-Philippe, after serving under

e* (1790-1868).

M.* (1771-1842).

e, née Bocquet. Daught

French publicist. Founded the Journal des

of an art critic on the Journal des Dé

friend of Napoleon I., whose aide-de-camp he w

daughter of the Count of Prado. She was Lady of Honour to Queen Isabella and Chief Lady of the P

ress to Princess Marie of Baden (afterwards Lady Hamilton), a

Gerschau. She married, in 1822, Herr

of the Marquis de Mun, who bore him no children. Left a widower at an

. Born in 1811. He married, in 183

Sister of the Countess of Hohenthal and of Madame de

ount of Stedingk, Swedish Ambassador in Russia, and sister of the Countess Ugglas. She married, i

ersburg in 1816, and Plenipotentiary and Extraordinary Envoy to the Germanic Confederation in 1821, Minist

, and returned to France when the Empire was proclaimed; from 1815 to 1822 he was a Deputy, and became Peer of France in 1823, and afterwards member of the F

age of sixteen to Charles Bonaparte, by whom she had thirteen children. Napoleon I. was her seco

ie Julie Clary. He shared in the coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire, and several times governed France in the absence of Napoleon. In 1806 he was appointed King of Naples and tr

784-1860). Youngest b

1775-1840). Third br

ted to overthrow Louis-Philippe, and to restore the Empire for his own purposes. Condemned to perpetual confinement, he was imprisoned at Ham; thence he escaped, fled to Belgium, and returned to France after

uc de Berry and grandson of King Charles X. He

He was Bishop of Condom in 1669 and then Bishop of Meaux. In 1670 he was appointed tutor to the Dauphin of France, and composed for

Force during the revolutionary disturbances and then followed the army of Italy. In 1811 he was appointed Court docto

ed Bishop of Evreux in 1802 and entrusted by Napoleon I. with several confiden

as Prefect of Marne and had mar

wards Comte de* (1800-18

rles* (1788-1847).

ine, daughter of Prince Joseph of Schwarzenberg, married Prin

t at the Restoration, he followed the king to Ghent; in 1827 he retired and became peer of France after his father's death in 1

erre* (1778-1862).

uis of Brignole, for a long time Sardinian Ambassador at Paris and of the Duchess of Dalberg. She

n 1803 and was deputy in the legislative body in 1805. In 1837 he was appoi

r de* (1785-1870).

e* (1797-1840). Née

Born in 1818; married in 18

n and a learned man of letters; the author

(1778-1868). E

h von* (1790-1846).

on Humboldt and wife of Baron Heinrich von Bülow,

constantly resident in Paris. From 1843 to 1848 he was Minister Plenipotentiary in Spain. After marrying the youngest of

uhe, at Darmstadt in 1831, at Stuttgart in 1838, at Turin in 1848, and finally at St. Petersburg. He became Privy Councillor and accompanied

urg married in 1829 Count Buol. From her mother, née B

great favourite at the Court of France. This princess died in the flower of her youth, six days before her

faires at Darmstadt and then at Dresden. Louis-Philippe raised

ord* (1788-1824). Famou