tures of certain Diptera: a prolongation of the labium c

pertaining or belon

h segment of head = se

is between la

ke or having li

: a labi

abdominal forceps i

cts, behind the first maxilla and opposed to the labium; formed by a fusion in embryonic life of s

is between labr

es: of brain, = t

the base of the mandible and

outh of piercing Diptera is

er substances produced by certain sc

with irregular, broad and deep emargi

d; torn in appea

ipes, bearing brushes of hair or spines: a blade: in Diptera, f

idae, the palpiger and paraglossa often

ed; cut into irr

milk-

ng to milk; mil

eting or yieldin

with a slight bluish

or cavities: specifically the n

he surface covered

aemodipod; similar to the

e: b

shining and without elev

n plate or lea

of closely opposed leaf-like surfaces, th

which the antennae terminate i

of or resembling leav

chitinous pl

erna: the

terna: th

e; q.v.: in roaches the 7th ventral plate

analis: = sup

of thin, flat l

an elevated ridge or kee

: having the appearanc

hair on the abdomen

h dense, fine, long hairs, so dis

spear-shaped: oblong a

Hymenoptera (ort.)

ely applied to any pi

curled hair dispersed ove

lender si

hich the abdominal spiracles are situated on the con

ving under deepl

and according to its kind, changes to a pupa or chrysalis or to an imago; bears

ase made by a larva as

pplied to coarctat

ipterous larva without

larvae when they appear to have no developed

r less complete fringe of stiff

rk blue [French blu

e side and away fr

pertaining or att

al long carinae; the upper is the external or first lateral basal area; the second is the exte

tuated at or near the lateral ma

downward from the front margin of the eyes: on proth

te depressions on the margins of the v

the margin of the dorsum between s

to the paraglossa with palpiger and palpus (Gerstaec

des of pro-thorax in many Orthoptera: in certain Hymenoptera, lie

noptera, extends between the media

extends longitudinally along the la

esses of the ovipositor in Cynipidae,

the area on each side of the body bet

first separating the metepisternum from the mesepimeron; the second separating the m

dominal segments of caterpillars: it is 3 of

s: = later

ellowish brick color [pale c

oint of junction of

h pair of salivary glands in bees;

ed on the side, immedia

oint of junction of

Odonata; forms the dividing line betw

ecoming obsc

of those Hymenoptera in which it is fused with

= cancel

the sid

facets of the

he appearance or t

o the original description, to take the pla

s, used in walking: the organs of locomotion other than wings:

of genera, sub

e margin o

bon-like: in th

doubly convex; li

y coiled haustellate mouth structures; head free; thorax ag

d from the wing scales of Lepidoptera; a d

terfly or moth: one

set with mi

d from certain butterfly scales a deriva

: a s

h loose, irr

= compode

: smal

torpid or

roduct of animal decomposition, found in the

ellular bodies, numero

e that raises an

h a smooth, somew

r: f

f tough, fibrous tissue bet

wood brown [V

ding upon wood o

e, sometimes paired: often used as synonymous with "glossa" and "tongue": corres

aped; linear, much

lilac-colo

e form of a Limax or

rence: the area su

s surrounded by a marg

d posterior margin of wing beyond t

sparent: applied to wi

measurement, one- twelfth of an inch; common

ine or nar

t; in the form

with lines or

a delicate

Diptera, to maxillary structures: has also been used for the hypopharynx, an

spiral tongue of Le

d: linear, with the extr

rap-shaped organ, attached cephalad within the vasiform orif

us: witho

: = Mallo

nted with charac

-coast or in the shore debris:

eroptera that l

tinct spot, pale

ay with a violet ti

y deep, undulating an

lly, the rounded, tooth-like processes on the margin of the pygidium of t

(inner): of the mentum in Coleoptera, are the lateral

se impressions on the pronotum: that which borders the head is the anterior lo

like a lobe or

to, or with many sma

he two distinct parts of whic

e wings of some flies and of secondaries in

maxilla =

gans of, are l

as long or longer than the body;

the direction o

either directly from base or as branches of one that does start ther

innerside of primaries into which the frenu

or all the middle abdominal legs are wanting and which move by bri

seated (Say): the anterior part of the genae at the edge of the mouth: the corneous processes to which the muscles flexing the mouth in certain Diptera ar

gular piece upon which

ey of California. Is interrupted by the continental divide in eastern Arizona and west New Mexico and divi

n termini; see

tera: are on the lower part of front,

omas), is the costal or ante

n Lepidoptera (Holla

ngle: in Odonata - =

rrow arms into southern New Mexico, is interrupted by the Continental Divide; covers a large part of w. and s. Ariz., s. w. Nev.,

covered with a

; applied to l

e of an enzyme, existing in the lumi

luminous beetles which, when brought int

us: ligh

applied to nocturnal forms or

ner surface of a tube: the hollow por

light of fire-flies, as a s

prominent or obvious characters to the exclusion of minor color

crescent-shaped: fo

mall lunule

ra, crescent-shaped m

en made up of a seri

unate mark

pale brown + a little French blue]: also use

ceous: dark

lay yellow [pal

ng or appearing t

ently or really c

ng, carrying or re

al transverse segments, and gradual

r border of the spinni

ristles occurring singly

s: long or

ve regions of primitive h

larger than a spot; o

with figures of any shape, of a

rnamentation or p

ted; with many

one on each side behind the acetabulum and paraple

ish red; an a

s: m

to the footless

a ridged or gr

he grinding surface

r or galea, inner or lacinia; where only o

to the chewing and squeezing by fossorial was

?", the astronomical sign for Mars. {Scanner's comment: The sign for Mars being

to biting lice: wingless: mandibulate; thoracic

etory organs, entering the alimentary canal at the point of junction of chyli

pple-like protuber

eral upper jaws o

eep groove on outer side of

e fourth or mandible b

cts in which the adults have fun

with jaws o

surface clothed with i

trunk that bears the a

dual metamorphosis and without a r

teridae which forms the process for fitting into the cavity o

rmerly applied to t

tled, gray and white, li

nt: shri

ing, like mother of

bounded on the inner side by the sub-margin and c

elonging to, or

Orthoptera; see

are inserted on the posterior m

hiner):= radial (Comst.): in Hymenoptera:= radial an

in tegmina = c

Comst.): in Hymenoptera (Norton) = radius 3 (Comst

ated or attenuated margin: when th

arble: marbled. Mask: in the nymphs of Odonata, the modified

ate: t

ding; applied to the mouth parts and to

gans in certain caterpillars, ser

ance from which cells and o

sistent when the mouth is modified, and represented by some functional part in all insects in which the

or belonging to the

first pair of palpi,

ral pieces, epimera and epist

sixth segment of the he

e muscid proboscis the remnant of the palpifer, to which

emale Pronuba: a special

ages in Thysanurids, between

ry much or

lour-like dusti

: = Mecop

rtain metabolic insects soon after the

; mouth mandibulate, prolonged into a beak: head free; thorax agglutinated; tran

wing, not more than four branched, the branches numbered on margin from nearest apex, to 4 nearest ana

the median pl

nternally from the meso-sternum,

ring to, or a

d by the media or its branches: in Hymenopter

(Comst.), is betw

doptera (Pack.),

doptera (Pack.),

optera ( Pack.), =

a (Comst.): of meta-thorax of Hymenoptera, is the middle of the dorsum, divided into three sp

ut has been also used for that which extends down the middle of front from the fast

nd of the median veins, = radial (Comst.): in Hymenoptera, 1st median (Pack.), = medial (Comst.); 2d median (

Odonata; are those wh

foveate depression of the vertex

ptera, refers to the f

dia: in some Heteroptera, separates the e

r t.a. crosses about one-third from base; the second or t

ly divided glossa or ligula; probably correspo

he metanotum of Hymenoptera, exte

and)1st = cubitus 2 (Comst.): 2d cubi

in the edge of the pygidium, at t

ssiliventres, is the dorsal plate

in Odonata, = m

segment of the abdomen when it forms

Lepidoptera, crosses at

e cubital cell (Comst.); the space at base between submedian (radius) and postcost

tera, it runs from base to about middle, nearly through centre, and is

g to the longitudina

between median or mediastinal vein and t

Diptera, = suhcosta (Comst.): also,

een media 4 and cubitus, conne

aterpillars, extends alo

er side of meta-tho

e third of the flexed pr

x: =mesoth

s: mi

egalo-:

th a blacki

r unusual darkening: a

makers: applied t

y-producing, or p

ney-sucking: a

e of the exter

semi-transparent, like parchme

e membrane around the rectum of butterfly l

sue: specifically the wing tissue between the veins: in

composed of membrane

opaque expansion at ba

ave the other convex, like a ro

and adults feed by mandibles; e.g. the O

and adult take food by suction e.g. H

eoptera, the line bet

bearing or ha

ited) stipes of maxillae: in Coleoptera, what is usually called mentum is really submentum: in Diptera, the term is applied to t

upon dung or excrem

inflected part of the me

ecrete yolk or vitellagin

or directed towar

ituated on or in the me

e mesoderm that produces the

c ventricle: the middle portion of the prim

he sclerite between humera

blique lateral pieces of mesotho

at or to t

rmed between propleuron, mesepist

x, drops the o when st

es germ layer of the

ives rise to muscular a

:= amphio

o 5th abdominal seg

iddle plane

y upper surface of the 2d

n of the metapraescutum, affording a

e wing between the dorso- and sternopleural sutures: in

inserted in the angle formed by the

the root of the wings downward and separ

lateral surface o

e, the opening into which the pr

e narrow pieces separating the meta-st

of mesosternum between anterior border and epi

in Orthoptera; =

he mesosternum, one on each side of the deep median

nderside or breast

ium: = meso

f the underside of meta-thorax,

a, the spiracles of s

ngitudinal furrow of mes

he tarsus of

the pupal covering

e thoracic ring; bears the midd

m: = meso

prefix to designate the thir

g to the ecto- or me

rphosis in which the larva does not rese

f food into tissue and cell-substance and of these latter into waste pr

oing metamorphosis

ion of the first ventral segment included ab

and by suction, with tubular mouths when mature; e

hind or anal

earance of metal: applie

ural or inner mar

egment, somit

e up of segmen

he arrangemen

ptera. the 6th to 8t

from egg through larva and pupa to adult: it is complete when the pupa is inactive and

idio: an incomple

rfecta: a comple

acic ring: in Diptera, the oval arched portion behind, beneath the scut

hindmost internal

anotum, between it, the pteropleura and the hypopleura; in Hymeno

in Diptera, are inse

erous, in which the spiracles are

ular area of metanotum

n behind the podeon or

ting or attached

te separating the metasternal epi

d on each side of the metasternum, imme

the sternellum o

nderside or breast

ium: = meta-

a, the spiracles of t

Orthoptera:= h

, where that differs greatly in length or ot

m: = meta

the pupal covering

d second pair of wings; variably distinct; sometimes closely united wi

or after comparison with the type; accord

dorsal surface of the prothor

ind the second lateral suture and

e sclerite between the first and

the metric system = 39.37 inche

ulation in the form of a

lerite just above base of 3d coxa; bel

guests in ant- hills; demanding nothing from and gi

r declivous surface of

a surface of which o

stles, as opposed to ma

the dwarf work

nted by the symbol μ: the symbol μμ represents .001 of a micro

ous: smal

to produce small wings; app

ngs in the egg, through

mites of the macrosomites in the embryo,

thoracic ring between

area: = inte

: = discoida

pronotum in Ortho

median of the three areas between later

ge or elevated line at the meetin

ntricle with the caecal

stine: =

rom one to an alternate food plant: any forms that fly from

y 25 mm. are counted to an inch in measuring insects. {

another or some other object in appearance

cality; often loosely used to denote also resemblance to plants and inanimate objects: Batesian mimicry is wh

is where both spec

only a little winding; serpentine, when they are curved or coiled, becoming gradually larger to a head-like end: trumpet- mines, when they start sma

ed lead [vermilion with a slig

cada; see spe

le piece of a deve

e: having the

see m

truncated at both ends;

face of the mandible: when the mandible is compound

f union where one male s

beaded lik

: of one colo

w which closes on the tip of the other

n which each colon

xual elements or glands

ere a female is fertil

ects with one

which only one sex (fe

eding upon only one spe

where one female is fe

he trochanters are single: having legs

or described from a single specified species with which are associated oth

the larva changes from one instar to anothe

canal, where the feeding structures are situated

cluding labrum, mandibles, maxill

face covered with small

nal process in Elateridae: the terminal spine or process of an obtect pupa: "t

rminated in a

o small end pieces of the furc

, often different families or even orders, having similar colors, posse

mmon terminal thread of

te: with m

d as a prefix, of

: with many joi

many large cells,

: divided in

ny longitudinal folds

se: with m

: the

ed; provided wi

rmed with sharp

colored [gray w

bodies arising from procerebral lobes; sup

insect body that serve to move th

hout power to pro

acking processes wher

ds without a po

f: mutilated: abbrev

us: feeding

jury caused by the att

l that produces

anch of entomology t

ing: applied to insects

with a hairy fringe ab

ristles above the mouth, on the lower pa

as the middle feet in

embling mother of pea

lly the stout pointed claws in

titure: a pupa when not inclose

e: =clypeal

tera: the clypeus or a modification of it: in Odonata, the

te soldiers that have the

ions: formed

boat-shaped

rring to the

d arctic North America

a vague, indefine

udy: without defin

d thorax of such insects as have the head free: any co

: living in

tubes, cornicles,

: threa

a: = nemo

ith long, threa

ith long, at least

ees with a thre

living in open

Western Hemisphere or Ne

ized Micropterygidae; mandibles not functionally present; pupa

es in Termites because, though reproduct

surface embraced in the greater part o

described, and selected as a standard of reference whe

s kidneys in Annelids, Mollusks, etc. and i

immediately succeeding the embryonic

erite between the metasternum and

hose function it is to transmit sensations or stimuli to or from

used to = veins, i

ng or referrin

chitinous framework of wings and thus= venation; q.v. Nervules or Nervures: the rod o

nervulation and

rax, formed by fusion of apodemes, serving for the reception and pro

the primitive layer of the embryo

: = venat

external sheath

the early embryo, from which

a body segment pertainin

mandibulate: head free: thorax loosely agglutinated; metamorphosis complete: in its older use,

those living insects included by Linnaeus in his Neuroptera; als

ar matrix in the periop

.{Scanner's comment: I have no characters to represent the symbols. One is like the normal female (Venus) sign, but with no cross st

ied when eggs are placed

r: b

black, ting

y when attached to a hair: in general, thou

lied to a highly poli

-eus: sn

s that fly or are

ginning at a point in costal margin corresponding

st.): arises from upper sector of arculu

to the small segment or segment between t

the form of a

ae that have the apex

body with one or more knotted parts a

ttle knot, l

nodules: a surface sculpture of knots o

rt vein at the place where the anterior

n of cacti for raisi

l form or type: not

with a series of depres

, cut or nicked;

ptera, that part of the head which

series of moths whose larvae are more or

re: = dorso-pleu

f the pupa covering up

or upper part of a

ace of the neck conne

th, or havin

matter in the nucleus most rea

rentiated, round or oval body

ace devoid of hair, sca

s: = n

of being naked or

eggs, larvae and pupae, but do not forage, the latter

the tip bent to

varian tube, filled with granular nutritive

omplete metamorphosis: applies also to thei

sa: = coarct

bear living young in an advanced sta

refix, mean

with the apex po

d, with the point applied to the

y distended: usually

spheroid of which the diameter i

on between perpendic

and Rs, distal to the level of the nodus and inclined obliquely, from

arly washed ou

longer t

egg-shaped; the n

inversely

eadily seen: n

covered with equal sc

or entirely los

pped in a h

us case which confines and conceals all appendages, though thei

angle: opposed to acute. Obtuse-angulate: two marki

d bees with the tip obtuse

occiput, opposed to a similar openin

allophaga, the posteri

s: in Diptera; situated

n Diptera, the whole posterior surface of the head:

uscles which close an

n; concealed from

situated close to the ocelli, usua

d, smooth thin belt across the ey

ted by grooves or depressions, on wh

ptera, spots on the wings, bordered by a co

of ocellus; q

upplied with, o

f a single convex or bead-like lens

in small groups, in adults: the compou

ight tinge of brown [pale ca

-eus: = o

us: dilute

lateral emargination of the head in

, a small, intensely black

all hair on posterior half of ocular emargin

of brain = pro

first or protocerebra

re a group of prominent facets

: an eye: refers to

of imaginal buds destined to produce

a by Fabricius because of the lon

s similar, elongate, flat; metamorphosis incomplete; copulatory organs of male near bas

hed mouth parts, like

an odor; applied to gla

y: see

s: the

entally in clusters, in each side of body c

e below anterior part of

lb: = sub-clyp

.v.); but more generally applied also to any

m posterior portion of

g into the chylific ventricle in some insects, and forming a valve t

part of the alimentary canal

: those lobes of the deutocerebrum from whi

o insects with few urin

veins: specifically applie

of olive-green, usually a

the pupipa

umbone: in Coleoptera; a corneous sclerite to which the muscles of the anterior coxa are attached; also

the comp

he elements of which the

feeder upon animal or

plied to welt-like r

se, Oniscus sp.; applied to certai

ng to the developme

individual as distinguished from

claws o

odium: a more or less retractile process on the feet of some beetles: in Hymeno

mitive germinal

e process of

all of an egg: see

over an egg mass, as in cert

a surface with

a bluish white lu

= opales

ut lustre: no

e workers in

rking order or a

vering the vocal struct

of the muscid mouth; the labrum-epipharynx of Dimmock: the scutes covering the meso-tho

: relating

t part of the pupa

the organs of generat

e anal angle of

d over against,

ng to the org

ides of the procerebrum and

procerebrum in which are centered the

ee ganglionic swellings in the optic

: =procerebra

perceptive portion

y in some Coleoptera, the

rum: the margi

oward t

aining to

the mouth; =

aga, a furrow lying in

ring or segment whi

s of the plane equal: in sonic moths, a

its are divided into vertical or superior; frontal and facial

narrow sclerite en

e Class Insecta, based largely on wing st

ally applied to such a

s: = aurich

h's surface including Asia east of the Indus River, south of the Himalayas

e anal or gen

specimen from which a publi

defining of scientif

ries are not used in flight, but cover the longitudinally folded secondaries; mout

ch the pupa escapes from larval skin through

hous: stra

h of insects

rating or swinging

e in character betwee

Papilionid caterpillars, and from openings elsewhere in the bodies of other forms. {Scanner's comment: currently the only spelling I can find is "osmeterium". This

quids to pass or diffuse th

= ossic

nodule of chitin

s that serve in the articulati

t-like opening

arginal furrow lead

the sides of meso- and meta- thorax, thro

ngular of

ation, or the possession of the q

uditory or ea

ne: granules or concreti

of maxilla =

r edge of wing, betwee

: the egg

laid or conceale

the substance that is to

ped, with bot

vered with hair: usually fro

oped the cells forming the future ova: a single one

y cavity of the female, in each of which tubes eggs or ova are deve

an ovarian

gular of o

tline, egg-s

sses from ovarian tubes into vagina: somet

m: egg

oduction is through e

he act of depo

of which the eggs are placed; usually concealed; bu

= ovipos

ra; is an appendage of the

are born from eggs which are ha

en the Coast Mountains and Cascade range: parts of northern California and most of the coast region from near Cape Mendocino sou

f it which is capable of extension

oints of posterior tars

tion in the sexually i

ing in the sexually im

r surface; P. inferior, the lower surface: in Orthopter

erior coxae are not globose and the artic

ich have the coxae of the hind le

d tarsal joints in man

hypophar

f or chaffy:

chaffy in

, Africa north of Sahara, and Asia as far south as the southern edge of t

ted by Scudder for Paleozoic insects whi

dibles are distinct and the pupa is free: includes the Mic

ing pale or light

omposed of three tarsal joints, on

pale or

ns: pale or w

cadaverous hue [a ver

closing the open cavity formed by the wa

anterior tarsus when it is bro

m of the hand, with f

= pulvi

uth feeler

, relating or att

us support to which the labial palpi are attached, and which p

ural of p

long, slender, an

lly, a small sclerite hearing the maxillary

r -gerous: be

ial palpus is attached corresponds to the palpifer of

in Coleopterous larv

palpi in Lepidoptera,

ointed structures borne by the maxillae (m

d: oblong, with rounded e

most like cervinus; q.v.: in maculation, like those of

eous: butt

n: specifically the modified ligu

e-like processes that

e with small elevations

: like a wa

a surface covered with

made up or clo

: a fi

o; near by; a

is: see

elongatel

, occurs in some of the generalized fami

ars, a narrow sclerite bo

membrane enclosing th

ide of the ligula; often connected with it; sometimes f

he same line and

of or next to the anu

ke structures in some caterpillars, us

s: = podical

ateral ingrowths, usually situated at the b

sternal side p

re specifically applied to the jointe

ach side of the scutellum in Chalcid

ach side of the mesoscutum of Proctytrypidae

furrows on each side of the Chalcid

eso-scutum, separated from the mesa

sternum, just below the wings; absent on prothorax = the tegulae of Hymenoptera,

= parasi

other animal or insect, and depends upon t

al or insect in such a way as to derive al

ut metamorphosis; mouth with piercing lancets

ves upon or at the expense of the other, makes no ret

: = pteros

ds, which secrete a waxy powder, sometimes

the series from which the type

parse or

ate: with

sed of soft cellular

perpendicular sides

more bristle-like app

enetic: s

germs from egg-cells without fertilization by th

artly of another color: divide

e.g. the eyes of Gyrin

en used as synonymous with tegula and squamula, q.v.: assigned by some writers to t

tiscidae; plate- like, horny or spongy structures on the

ining to the kn

unequal, cup-like impressions o

open; diverging;

e or countr

se: open,

in some Mallophaga: any pouch- lik

e changes of form are gradual and inconspi

sometimes built by ants as a sh

ke or peg: a bundle

aving the appe

d labium: the rows of spines on the feet of pollen- gathering bees: any series of bris

: with even branches l

aving pectinations tha

relating t

: in Coleopter

appendages like the teeth of a co

, for the entire meso- and meta-thorax: also the pro- and meso-sternu

illars: extends along

of leg-base and, correspondingly, on apodal segments: is VII of the abdomen where it con

ed fore-legs of Nym

-bearing, or

ch Cassid beetles as carry their exc

feet, or re

eniculate antenna: forming the pivot between

abnormal condition caused by the multiplic

lousy: infes

us: feet

a: the smaller of the two stalks supporting the mushroom body; q.v. Pedu

iting the sea,

sects: in Coccidae more especially applied to the hard

long, drooping hair

ansparent: sometimes appl

racheae in larvae, developed

e: =aro

ield- or ta

ipidae. lateral fringed pro

horny outer cove

: in Diptera, applied to a group of senso

: hangi

hanging free, attac

s of the seminal vesicles to the

ble brush or pencil of hair: of

ike pieces on the tip of the 8th dorsal seg

m: pencil-li

hed at the end of a stalk as long as the brush,

membranous, intromitt

ous: =

d or bearing feat

feather-l

ided figure with five

ointed tarsi. Pentamerous: spe

e: next to

ound produced by the digestion

x, means very: e

ith the power

ning through th

: the p

d pair of thoracic legs of lar

ke expansions connected by a stalk passing nearly through their centres: al

artly transparent: r

a complex nerve structure back of

ound, or belong

ween the diaphragm and dorsal bod

ch lie along both sides of the heart, and

the open space around th

ached to the ventral surface of the heart and laterally

rt of the body cavity ar

erve: the body cavity immediatel

curring at reg

glionic swelling of op

ferring to the

e entire outli

circumference o

s absent on middle and posterior thoracic ri

mbryo in which the rudiments of the

ities. Peristaltic: that periodic motion of the alimentary canal

um: the me

mouth or oral margin in Diptera; s

ding the mouth parts at base, and form

ne surrounding the viscera, trach

: surroundin

neous selerite sur

of the fore-gut, extending back tube-like, t

containing the alimentary

ring relieved, round

ight: at right ang

the red of p

ining constantly

ng wide open; m

es: a fo

some Hymenoptera, the apical or hindmost of the

in which there is a slender stalk betw

alk; usually applied in describing venation an

slender segment between the thorax and ab

kiness of butterflies occ

noxious organisms and also absorbs the organs of the

r devouring of bacteria or othe

t of the heterocerous Lepidoptera: more

e tarsus: a division of classificatio

ated:

: =peni

ump: = sucki

ment at the beginning of the oesophagus: in Diptera is sometimes restricted to the

l term for the scale i

a: = Hymen

ucing; applied to st

ng or glowing in the

ucing structure; produci

artitions passing down from the dorsum of meso- and meta-thorax

the nest are wholly or partly supported by the cov

condition of the skin

: feeding upo

ating to tribal o

t of a genus, family, tri

posed to include all the net-veined or

in classification to indicate

der-footed: = T

which the 4th and 5th tarsal joints

: feeding u

t loving: species

ce: some authors inclu

that affect colors of caterpillars. {Scanner's comment: This is

eus: pitc

, with a blui

s maxillary stru

iting and sucking mou

abrician term

material that gives a color appe

era, applied to thick, fine, short, erect h

t each side of the clypeus in Lepidopt

a covering of f

ype which is placed on a cylindrica

with down, or dense pile

overing of fi

the ana

arrow wing

tera, are the oblique ridges running to the

with markings resembling a feather: with stiff hairs or t

eathers, as when wings are

h a slight brownish tinge [pale

treak of color; a longitud

dinally folded o

th a flatte

flat; applie

the wings are large and laid flat on the bod

pollen gathering Hymenoptera: the soles of the posterio

t walk on the entire foo

lvillus; one of the soles or climbing cus

leathery hemelytr

portion of animal

ity for being formed,

ened piece or sclerite

late or sclerite of

era, a pair of pieces following the last full ventral

olded beneath primaries; mouth mandibulate; prothorax free; transformations complete: Psocidae, Termitidae, Perlidae and Mallo

beneath primaries; mouth mandibulate; body loosely jointed; prothorax free; metamorphosis incomplete: the term Plecoptera was used by Brau

= abdom

legs of larva: poste

sis: see

with a described or named species

between the dorsal and sternal portion of the thorax: in g

ween the lateral and pleural carinae; the 1st or anterior = spiracular ar

tera, extend along the exte

ateral sclerites of t

rites into which th

he side of

bands formed by the modified first p

the abdominal spiracles are situated on th

euron; plural

d to a knot-like mass

inkle: a longitudin

ited; folded

lied to the folds on the

ichoptera; propo

like a

en or bluish g

nae that have long ciliated processes o

l, rounded outl

scales of the androcon

a prefix,

ate: with

several seta; as the

everal valves or va

g nerves for the tracheal and digest

e prolongations of the metathora

pplied by Charpentier t

phemerid wing just behind praebrachial;

the petiole: the true

anal opening; = supra-anal or

a; the two pieces on each side of the vent, thought by Huxley to be rudiments of an 11th abdo

s insects with biti

f pupa that covers the

bs around the branch or other support covered by t

lteres and ba

s of bugs and biting flies; more usually to an abdomin

ced inwardly into a sho

ooth, shiny

ace covering which is easily rub

margined by hair, on the out

stout fixed spur at i

s: = poli

d for collecting pol

s: = pollini

d with a yellow,

many,

female mates with

atic: man

to ants when one col

of several embryos from a sin

male mates with mo

: with ma

wer to preduce severa

form and serricorn Co

son, in locality or without apparent reason: undergoing Several chang

insects with many urin

eating many k

or descended from se

to the Myriapoda, and to the larvae of Lepidoptera and saw-

that which m

hind (th

s: = fren

with raised lo

, round opening

y set with deep pi

ittle round openin

d out forward: st

behind

ocesses at the posterior lateral

rounded swelling between the roo

p of membrane connecting the

Hymenoptera, =

tera, the 4th joint of an

blong or ellipsoidal organs situated j

al: = pobra

f salivary glands in bees, situated c

uliar inflated structure behind the clypeus: in general, the posterior or upper part of clypeus when any l

: in Odonata, = 1st anal vein (

ll or cells lying posterior to the

: = post-noda

of the meta-notum, between the

e stage after the insect

head behind the clypeus in Hym

ra; applied to that face of the legs which is not visible wh

is the lateral angle near base of elytra:

omst.): 2d = medial 1 (Comst.): 3d = 2d medial 2 (Co

opening of head posteriorly through which

: of tegmina, =

in Diptera, is one of t

era, extend from base of pronotum dow

ptera, that part of wing between axillary incision and base: =

ereion: the

he terminal segmen

anal clasping legs of

erpillars; varies in position from substigmatal to stigmatal posterior;

ments of caterpillars; subdorsal, posterior, always present, rare

hose separating th

ngs: = secon

to leg bristles at the meeting

to leg bristles at the meeting o

of metasternum to which the mus

below occiput and behind

e extreme base of the unders

above the dorso-pleural suture between the humeral callus a

a, = 5th longitudinal (M

cus:

parently distinct vein betwee

in Lepidoptera,

s-veins: in Odonata, the transverse veins between costa and radius 1, and radius 1 and media

Odonata, the cells below cost

a, the cells between radius 1 and m

tudinal vein lying between media 1 and

outh; those segments be

under surface o

petiole. Post-retinal: the fibres arising from the facets

nd posterior sclerite of the

little plate behind the scutellu

e marginal cell beyond the stigma

f caterpillars; sub-primary, stigmatal, posterior; it

ollowing the s. t.

Diptera, dorsal bristles

posterior scutes of the seg

cells: = discoid

es: in Diptera, are in the mi

depressed, usually long

e-: anterio

in middle of an Ephemerid wing; us

e vein in costal angle

m: = proph

in Diptera =

r: before

g of penis: specifically a spherical muscul

arely present, between the me

the four divisions of the

e in Lepidoptera. Prae-terga: the anteri

ding the tornus (q

ass-green [a

nting or living in gr

tion before the root of wings, just back of

e or before th

r lamina: = supr

terior to or bef

l: before

er: = pre-

ar: befor

ed to all stages of development fr

ous: entire: comple

nsects that live by prey

: = preda

r stage: specifically applied to the

or development from already existing

a fork, that reaches back to where its

tera, that portion of f

conspicuous color ring on the caudal

s scale in front of the

ures fitted for gr

e mandible: applied to a temporary segm

pparently distinct vein betw

n off: with a blunt o

ral clasping organ of mal

r: see pr

the embryonic head segments bef

=praepu

n the larva just preced

iptera, are in a transverse

allus: = post-a

a, short rows of small bristl

=filato

ase of pulvillus, which exerts a

rigonate depression at outer ends of tra

ngle bristle of the interalar series,

he anterior

character; of an ea

of separation From the median sector to the outer m

a transverse impression of the pr

Lucanids that have the smallest mandibl

: a play of colors similar to

efix to designate the parts

ordinal term f

the extensile mouth of the Diptera; frequently to the beak of Hemiptera; someti

ing or belonging t

o, form part of the anterior, o

the embryo which is formed by the coalesc

ontaining the median protocerebrum and o

he cerebrum, made up of the fused median lo

egment; also termed ocular lobe, froth part it innervates. Process: a prolongation of the

um: in bees = a

projecting tip of 7th do

d forward; applied

that produces the anus and intestine as fa

indrical, with a hemispherical base, t

ailing; prostr

out; prolonged

en it is horizontal and does no

utline as seen

, Profun

ing the jaws di

genital opening on an

terior angle of

eg: specifically the fleshy unjointed abdominal legs of caterpi

erior margin of

or lengthened beyo

st abdominal segm

he level or margin: standing out in re

proboscis or extend

s been applied to the long tongue of bees

hoptera, the main or me

r or dorsal surfac

lements, spermatozoa and ova, the union of w

in which the larval tissues are completely broken down,

the prothorax: the terms errone

: = prol

rax, which is horny and, at its upper edge, bears

: = pro-

lateral portion

e situated immediately above the fr

s in which only the most

on: = p

just above insertion of abdomen, and really t

borated by bees to serve as a cement in ca

at which drives

a semi-

ergite in front of the pygidilini, s

: = Hypop

he scutum of

the scutellum

c: = ante-o

elonging to t

lly in some Coleoptera. e.g. Ela

era: the epimer

erna: the episte

erior prolongation of the prosternum which

ch extends backward into a meso-sternal cavity: the

f pro-thorax which separates the

the sternellum

breast: the sclerite

hair, articulated to the basalis - q.v.

er to the hypothetical common ancestor

ce of males earlier in

tarsus of the

g many fortes or

ata, the upper sur

uding all the material upon which

trong bristle immediately above the

thoptera, on the sides of proth

ield: = cervic

the pupal cover

s the anterior legs but no wings: when free, as in C

egment: = ocula

primitive anterio

ened costal margin of

r part of the epicranium:

apical angle o

ription by a figure or pictur

in which lacinia and mandibles are obvious and the spiral ton

original descr

anterior marg

olets in Hymenoptera, situated bet

foremost dorsal

ax: = prot

e form to which later

extends or lengthens

ny elevation ab

produced above the su

posterior portion

oward the p

f an appendage neares

r or dorsal surface of prothorax

if covered with a

a reddish tinge, like a plu

s: living in

part of the pupa whi

lum: = n

as a prefix means false, spurious, or merely re

ysalis: th

hollow; a hollow whic

n the compound eye of some insects, re

aborted anterior wi

s, is the immediate issue of a

he stem-mother (fundatrix) or of the winged migrants (migran

d descendants of the stem- mother (funda

the last generation of p. gemman

e that reproduces w

he rudimentary pri

ein formed by a chitinous

te metamorphosis: includes the present Ephemeroptera, Odo

m -ia: = par

ph: = semi

a: = parap

al name for the scale

eding the formation of the true pupa in som

e black spots seen on the compo

optera, in which the abdomen is so c

grooves on the labella of Diptera, by

ble of development without fertili

or mass of germ cell

n in Aphididae, supposed to repl

: = Corrod

of social and other instincts and habits

ia: the w

ucture. Pteropega: wing sockets or cav

behind the meso-pleural suture: = the posterior lateral plate of

in Diptera, are inser

costal margin of a wing, near its middle or a

art of the pupa th

-hearing thoracic seg

expansion of the snou

he patagia or

he adult stage or believed to be descended

tium: a

e: wing

le organ capable of being thrust out through a

winged

: short, fine, soft

hed with soft, short,

eral region of

ction of the plates or scutes of

rhythmic manner: applied to special organs in the legs

owdery or dust

the appearance or str

: the cushions of short, stiff hair or other clothing on the

: moderate

th impressed poi

shaped like

: with smal

ession like that

ed with small,

carmine re

mplete metamorphosis: a pupa is obtect, when inclosed in a rigid case on which the members may or may not be outlined.

e thickened larval skin with

become a pupa: the ac

generation of plant lice whi

s: =pupip

rctate: said of dipterous larva that contra

tral mark of a

r marks that have

e females do not extrude the young until t

ging forth young

y applied to those Hymenoptera that are

becoming pur

-eus: pur

d point of modera

lophaga those arising f

posed by the elytra: in Forficulidw, the last dorsal

era, especially the lateral margins which appear in the ve

upper piece of the ge

s containing the ge

e posterior extremity of

posterior portion of crop whe

tion of the stomach behind which i

he chylifi

shaped l

o: as a prefi

square or

um: having

ace on the wings of Zygoptera bounded by the lower sector of arculus, the su

reproducing female a

ied to the pupae in forms w

spicuous or contrasting

re not specific; usually occurring in a different faunal region from th

apes: applied to ovaries whe

se, in caterpillars; the shank of an antennal joint into

ng to the radius

e between the mediastinal (subcosta)

ia; often divided: in the plural (Comst.), are those c

mst.), is that which d

visions of the radius (Comst.): in Odonata, an indirect br

osta between it and ulnar: in Orthoptera, = radius (Comst.): i

s spreading fan-like in the anal fie

h lines proceeding f

joint of the antenna that

e radial and medial systems and usua

not more than five branches before reaching the margin: the branches are numbered 1, 2, 3

and their point of ins

branches

branching out in

anch out in e

: = copulatio

anched, or havi

tory; capturing

: = rapto

rior legs are fitted for grasping; Mantidae {Scanner's comment: N

formed for

dom seen

r scratching; appli

eedy; voraci

tion of the oviducts with the vagina; it is filled during copul

backward; e.g. the

s: = refl

nto a convex, then

ing when conceale

ar process or tail terminating th

r thickenings of the rectum se

ectum of the nymphs of some Odonata, supplied with tra

the form of a ri

rming or meeting

having sixteen feet, wal

n the form of

within the anus, in which the excretions are form

right or

lying down;

kward: applied to nerv

), is the medial cross vein (Comst.), fr

first branch of the subcosta when it

: bowed

g-zag marking

flexed: angular

bent back a

int: a part of the body composed of a number of

l of youth; bringing bac

her removed

acula approximating that shape, found a

nate segments of circles

ck upon the base; like the

apable of bein

ensive as to drive away: applied to gla

vity for the storage of

having the propert

th: union of oxygen with tissues and

back: confined

ide down; horiz

: also applied generally to any

te: like

net-work; a

of the eye upon which

, q.v.: in Hymenoptera, horny, movable scales serving to move the sting or to prevent its be

r of the compound eye just above

ra: = ret

lus: the nerve fibres or cells between pi

wn back; oppos

le of being drawn

n drawing in or b

te: curved

the going or m

nting backwards; (serra

nus or broad, shallow notch, t

de down or inside out: said of wings when they are deflexed, t

back to life; awake

pirally rol

e sting and ovipositor: a rod or bladeli

axis of the retinula, below

like distal portion

organs of the 9th abd

f the nasus: q.v.: in Odonata, the lowe

: = Streps

aving the for

sides equal and its opposite lines parallel,

era in which the antenna are alike i

s insects with suck

dinal term for the

ced into a snout, at the end of which the mouth structures are situa

: = Rhyng

Fabricius, =

ed into a beak or rostrum which serves as a protection

ular intervals in the produc

ble: holding a

ongitudinal openin

full o

ulus, usually margini

nt: g

ng the river

lling on river

dusty: =pulv

rose colored: pal

form of a double rose:

he mouth parts of sucking lice: also

ttached to a rostrum; sp

it has a long protraction

oduced like a

the rigid extension in the snout beetles: in Hemiptera, is the jointed b

wheel-

or turning; app

t permits a rotating motion,

times present between the joints o

the troc

le: without angles: said of margins when they pass gradually int

upplied to bee larva th

he sexually active males an

oaching carmine

reddish or

y red [dragon's bl

ed: like the eye

ng of any structure or par

ent: r

[chronic yellow

: a wrinkle;

ed: with irregular

us; minutel

several transverse acute se

: = egg bu

a shining

: sandy

parate cottony envelope

us or inflated

little sa

al plate of 9th segment

plate on the anal si

s on the wings of Lepido

rceps in male genitalia of acu

uivalent to

vertical plane which divides an a

ike an arrow head:

ojecting; j

ivary glands that moistens and b

or at the beginning of the alimentary canal, se

above the opening of the salivary

p-like structure at the base of the labial

thoptera in which the posteri

r jumping or leaping: a posterior f

age: in Collembo

ed like arterial bl

loody; in color

sapphire blue

ic covering of the st

of posterior tarsus in poll

trongly marked; in a

s that frequent ro

rs of the saw flies

uneven

regularly and

h like a file, with

en the veinlets between two longitudinal veins a

puparium of a Diaspid, comprising exuviae and excreted matter:

g the wing vestiture of Lepidoptera,

by segments of circles w

like piercing structu

rm: chise

feet, when formed

e antenna in Coleoptera; usually applied t

rm: boat

the 10th abdominal segment in m

menoptera, the side pieces of the mesonotum; also, a trochanter of the fore-l

a, the inferior later

ternum; q.v.: appl

at portion nearest the shoulder

meso-episternu

: in Orthopte

s: =

of a meloid larva in which it resem

irregular depressions, a

-ous: dry

ng upon dung or exc

in the form of hair tufts or pencils for diffusing odors that may be repellant

es: = ost

e of the body wall

equal length: in Hymenoptera, the thick hair cove

urnished w

or stiff hairs covering the inner side of basal j

h have pollen gathering

he inner margin of the tegmina in

marked with characte

f the rostrum to receive the scape of antenna 2: also applied to grooves on the sides of mandibles: in Hymenoptera, the usuall

the surface covered

envelope covering the

rm: purs

scrotal mem

rn of impression or elevation on

ith elevations or depressions or bot

: shield or b

lso used by some authors (Walke

= scutel

tra is next to the scut

l ridge on either side of the scutel

ntids, an area between

dish- or pla

ytra at base and universally referred to as the scutellum: in Heteroptera, a similar sclerite between base of hemelyt

shields or plates on t

m: = scu

rsal sclerite of the

almost like, but darker than castaneous

y; applied to glands se

sebaceous; so

cretions of the colleterial

t: the third or tritoc

wings; always attach

x but not the other, other than the differences of the re

peus: see

in Hymenoptera (Pa

media 3 (Comst), to the junction of medial cros

donata, extends front base of second

ptera:= radius 2 + 3 (Comst). S

ent: the seventh or l

area: see medi

ure: Hymenoptera (Nort.

Coccidae, specifically, the waxy, fibrous, cot

art of a Diaspid scale extendin

rned in the proc

utting structures used by the Lepi

angle, and usually reach the apex or hind margin: they are radial, subnodal, pr

ting one way

r-compressed; like th

ve: settled or rema

sutures from the preceding and the succeeding segments, having attached to it not more than one pair of ventral appendages, containing internally not more than one pair of nerve ganglia which supply nerves to the pair

ade up of rin

iginally single celled egg into a number of

ached or scatte

separation or

us: sep

: saddl

ed of the seminal fluid mixed with th

= assemb

ted in the testes, con

-: h

like the hal

metamorphosis, =

half or partl

rounded by a margin of s

ines or hooks partly surrou

like a groove or

in part only: not al

only of the abdominal legs are wanting and where in

the form of h

s the auriculo-ventricu

s: = vasa de

which serve to store the seminal fluid of the male, and i

us: semen-

on: more specifically the interpolated stage between th

the longitudinal ha

area extends from Texas to Southern Florida, covers a narrow strip in So

: grad

s covered by membrane, on the

g to or having a

ay or may not bear pegs, bristles or seta, and may be open or covered

ar area of the mesonotum before the inse

rnal division o

which things follow;

aced in long

ith very dense minute hair

ucing gland or glands in caterp

to show agreement in a common character which is not of s

oduce a thick, mucous-like secreti

nvelops the forming embryo, the a

irty, dark green

aw or saw-

hed, the teeth se

othed, the edges th

th little teeth

oleoptera in which the antenn

saw-like ovipositor in t

h numerous lit

ch the blood corpuscles

ellus: a large ocellus

: occupying a

when it is closely attached for nearly

noptera in which the

e or long stiff hair: slen

aped: slender, gradua

e dipterous antenna wh

: = setige

or seta: when a slender short brist

odermal cells that

g setae or bristle

producing

y, oar-like legs o

ristly or set

r seta: in Diptera, the small t

hed with fine

ed by the sign of Mars (?) for male, and Venus (?) for female; workers or undeveloped f

ion of plant lice which

y, ill-defined

roughened with minute

= tib

tinous sheat

ed tip or thin edge

od-like piece between the hamules, under

= tibi

n Odonata, = me

e of fore wings or elytra: the anterior angles of thorax in Lepidoptera; the angles o

um: a sali

teral margin

cids the main lateral part of the cla

udes the pleura of meso- and meta

wnish orange

e the Greek letter

with marks or s

ored blotch of a

s: = och

arvae, mainly of Lepidoptera. similar material is

larva, mostly of Lepidoptera that secrete a viscid fluid

iving in moist

t process, armature, or

es: = oce

a; that part of the ve

: toward

to or at the left f

ding obliquely from th

nding obliquely from th

applied to lines and margin

with the edge sco

vex: sinuat

ate: sinuat

truncated, with

lating; curve

profound: an excavation as if scooped out: a

nsects: the breathing tube of a Culicid larv

less: mouth formed for piercing and sucking; saltatorial

r, more specifically, pl

: see hon

idae; the term is preoccu

ta: the su

a louse, contained within the tubu

its natural pl

ein: in Diptera; = 1

n) or internally (endoskeleton) form a protective covering, or

utterflies: the dipterous larva sometim

y with a reddish tinge [neutr

, and the body closely applied to the food plant: more specifi

es of Lepidoptera, includes the space between the medi

a dull gr

emerald green

without elevatio

Rhynchophora at the end of which the

se species in which undeveloped or worker forms oc

in which the mandibles are pincer-like and the he

when these joints form into one mass; e.g.

rring singly or in p

ing to the bod

of pupa covering abdomi

= arth

oduction of sound:

reas: see upper

oducing: applied to

: dirt

rown [dragon's bl

er or neuter in

le hairs, scales or scu

nitalia of aculeate Hymenoptera,

st bone (q.v.) of

and broad at top,

gan to a definite purpose, or of an org

eely and producing young that themselves mate freely and bear fertile offspring res

species, by means of which they may be distinguished from a

irror-like:

he inner or posterior mirror-like me

a; the glassy areas at base of tegmina in male Orthoptera that s

n plural form is sometimes

: = spermat

hout further division into spermatozoa: they arise

ises by growth of one of the last generation of spermatogonia. By its division are f

the development

l germ cells in the male. Each ultimate spermat

sac or case conta

female, that receives the sperm during coit

ll or cells which, by uniting

a sphere: a body in whic

minute spher

ocess: e.g. the sting in bees: al

e a slender, nee

spicule or thin,

ced into an ac

ongate, thicker in the middle,

dae there are two, one each side

aring, or cloth

the form or sh

nal tube, terminating in a pore, spine or process, producing a silky or waxy fibre: in the plural, the organs concern

set with acute p

circle, either concatenate, united at

t the apex of the tibia: also

et with little sp

: little

led ovipositor

the lateral openings on the segments of the insect b

s between lateral and pleural carinae on the me

llars is that which include

ymenoptera, is a grooved linear channel

-screw. {Scanner's comment: Nowadays it is more correct to re

ing of a trachea, which gives to the latter its characteristic micr

th: = sp

e spiral tongue

d-intestine: or the inner layer of the mesoderm which, becoming applied to

shining: with a

r genera upon minute characters which the "Lump

t-like structure of

elastic tissue re

= bouto

ollembola. =

ly not articulated at its base: in the plural refers to

rrangement; as 2-3-4; two spurs on fore tibia,

legs in some diurnal Lepidoptera. Spurious c

face which resemble a vein so nearly as to be readily mistak

age covering the base of primaries in Lepidoptera, and so = patagium; q.v.: a small scale above the halteres in Diptera: in this order Packard uses squama

esses of the pygidium in Diaspinae, other than the lobes and t

having a sca

scaly or cove

ng the base of primaries in some insect

cales differing in direction, standing

molts of larvae:= instar q.v.: any one

eriod of development;

s: = gyri cer

ed; with four or fi

the nest are supported by pillars and not connected wi

mentous anal legs of Cerura

mple eyes or

atching from the winter egg, which star

with a narrow,

: narrow beak

osed ring between p

ting or pertain

pable of reprod

it on each side of the sternum, extending

ula: = breas

bsolete furrows on either side o

t of each thoracic segment frequently divided into

ntral piece in a

art of the pleura, below the sternopl

a, are situated on the sternopleu

nearly parallel with dorso-pleural suture, se

ite: a stern

e beak or rostrum apparently arises from the sternu

portion of the under surface of t

: the entire thorax w

, usually at the end of the radius; see anastomosis: in Diptera, a colored wing spot near the tip of t

he two spots, orbicular and reniform, in t

n caterpillars, =

processes or structures bea

e spines on some larva,

d ovipositor in ac

ly to the cardo, and bearing the movable parts: modified into a piercing st

ported on a st

rceps in male genitalia of acu

rosses the primaries of many mot

between the t.p. line

on of classification similar to s

athing pore or po

following the gizzard and preceding the ileum, into which m

he ectoderm that forms the mouth, ph

and ganglia, lying along the dorsal an

t of the pupa covering

: straw yellow [

stricted, as if

ranged or made

proposed for the parasitic Stylopidae, now r

ntly punctured, extending from base to apex of elytra: in Lepidoptera

e, impressed lines; or, in Lepidoptera

noise by rubbing together two

ogether two striated or otherwise roughened surfaces

er streak, either surface or impressed. {S

ressed as in the elytra of some beetles, or to an ornamentation composed

parallel longitudinal lines: a deep sinus

tion: = stridu

les that are thickest at base: rou

e short transve

with numero

th finely impress

l streak of color dif

ke: in Diptera, the ovipositor (Loew); the single immovable organ immediately below the forceps in male Tipulidae (O-S.) a thickened jointed arista at or near the ti

cess: one of the piercing mouth st

: terminating in a long slender poi

ted by a member o

bearing a stigma, from the head

pointed, non-ar

le, but must be understood as modified in some way; e.g. sub-ovate,

somewhat hoo

thoptera; = sub-ge

lia in Culicids is the inner su

t wingless; with ru

hickened toward tip; bu

ous: somewh

th the bark; as in

o the costa and reaching the outer margin before the apex; not

t.) in the plural (Comst.), all those cells anteriorly margined by the subcost

e between subcosta and media on the

furrow: lies betwe

s.c. 1 = radius 1 (Comst.); s.c. 2:= radius 2 (Comst.) s.c. 3 = rad

mst.): in Lepidoptera, runs from base, parallel to costa, to or beyond the middle,

tely elevated ridge or keel

o larvae that feed under the skin of an

ce between the dors

he dorsal and between it and the lateral or, if ther

s, extends longitudinally along the s

not quite equal in size,

ns when somewhat, but

ng is only a little ex

osely allied genera; different from other allied groups, yet not

used in digging: yet

he front; immediately b

e between mentum and p

: somewhat s

segment, attached to the stipes, a

antennae that are articulat

s: plates underlying the g

based upon a character not sufficient

etween the two halves of the mentum

rom the pupa and before the final molt during flight: that stage in the development of i

m: =epiph

ongue; applied to a pair

de of the disk and within the margin: a line is submar

ies, lies between the costal

orton) = radial cells (Comst.): in D

s extending on the whole parallel with the outer margin; composed in pa

st = cubital + cubital 1 (Comst.) 2d = med

1st anal (Comst.), runs from base of primaries to the hind angl

rtaining to t

era, the prolonged portion of

of the labium, by means of whi

n Odonata, = radia

female Coccidae; also to a supernumerary stage befor

late spot that is bli

beneath or b

ad below the oesophagus, formed by a union o

ed on a character common to a large series of species; e.g

riction between pro- and meso-thorax is so gre

low and sometimes attached to the reniform

el: nearly

nts of caterpillars; sub-ventral, posterior, not present in the primi

like or approaching

ate: den

n some character of color or maculation which is recognizable but doe

caterpillars, margins t

low the stigma, in bees: = 1st radial 1 (Comst.):

rly but not qu

tly; feebly; small

e: = internal tria

ath; at the

ed: linear at base

antennae; applied to a combina

rmed like an a

along the sides just above the base of the

s extends longitudinally along the sub

a on each side, between the lateral ridge and the

es which are held in place by a silken c

bling amber in co

muscular enlargement of the oesophagus that ser

illae of Hemerobiid larvae, used for

with the end of the oesophagus; serves as a food reservo

dinal term prop

ed for sucking:

ected with the oesophagus in mosquitoes supposed

d or obscured by

, or a spreading of o

rrows or channels:

wed with broad, concave,

resemblin

or groove: a groo

bright, sulphur ye

eeding in siz

: placed abo

arched line over

re closely related to each other than to similar groups within the order: opinionative and ending in

s: the upp

tenna inserted on the upper parts of the side

ngs: the pr

al pair of organs of hy

ment: the fifth

those parts belonging

nal or added cells, ve

cidomyidae, between the head

f allied orders, like

ove the other, as the fro

ectors: interpo

-development of a pa

: over

on the post-alar callus, one on the alar frenum,

vity: = supra

ion: in Diptera =

sion just above the base of wings: in Diptera, a groo

situated abo

ptera, a curved hook attached to the pl

anal cavity above; present in many insects, sometim

at pair of salivary glands si

bees; a patch of light

= post-clypeus;

pplied to two large ovoid ganglia so situated, and

l: situated

nd of connective tissue lying above the central nervous system in ad

n caterpillars, margins

line: = supra-

ins: in Odonata, cross th

ove the triangle, occupying nearly the same position a

: = sup

l0th abdominal segment of the male grasshoppers, above

directed

tterflies that are suspended b

igaments that hold the viscera and

sterior projections of

the division of distinct parts of body wall:

dered together so that only a s

a large number of worker bees, accompanied by a

in the aquatic larvae of some Neuroptera

terminal appendage

suffused with g

nhabiting forests

igin of social symbiotic relati

symbiosis is where both parties to the relation benefit: see also parasitism, commensalism. Among the ants social symbio

lives in the nest of and at the expense of another species, either for a time

in or near the nest of another, preying upon i

es which owes its origin to the ens

nsects, one of which may be an ant, live side by side w

lony "hold up" those of another species and rob

colonies with inosculating galleries, and have their

ants and Termites, the ants living in the door

of ants that usually inhabit independent coloni

aphids, coccids and the like on the other; these species being soug

st of another, maintaining its own household, and mingling freely

hat live together in

venly develope

gans or parts which is capable of divisi

anglia of the alimentary canal and sonic other viscera

bit their nests and are fed and tended: rendering in return some s

functional abdominal legs and the genital openings on the last abdominal segment: reg

re joined together by a soft mem

gless insects without met

n articulation

he compound br

happening at

on of the vertex lyi

nuclei, found in ovarian tubes; givin

two parts are connected by a membrane which

nhabiting their nests in spite of the efforts of t

n which the mouth structures are undeveloped, form

those guests that are indifferent to and tolerate

pecies or genus that has been

ferent derivation applie

constriction of the not

= co-ty

livary ducts open and by means of which the secret

order of

te order, or arranged

ion of the heart that sends th

ses the primaries of certain moths one-thi

ching; an organ that

oad longitud

ith broad longi

ed fibre forming a part of the spir

: the cauda in plant lice: elongated processes on

ng at a tangent; applied to

ing to the ta

s arising from the underside of th

pendage attached at the apex of tib

eg or hair, connected with ganglionated nerve cells: occu

the color of a tanned hide [pal

ematic: relating

concealed: also us

ing from a median ridge, l

used for the anterior wings

primaries serving as wi

e patagia or shoulder tippets; but the homology is disputed; also applied to the lappet-like pieces forming the collar: in Diptera, the

covering sur

le Lucanids bearing the largest mandibl

of an organ or process may be drawn int

aring the anal opening: the an

r, or spear-s

rt of the gena; behind,

: the t

llophaga, the lateral m

l organ which holds the furcula

ir: see t

has also been called frenum and frenulum: in Trichoptera, a small elliptical

strap- or cup-shaped pieces, to which muscles

zed hair adapted for

ts exclusion from pupa or nymph, in which nei

le which stret

me cases retractile: usually prefixed by a descriptive

tile processes on the

when fringed with so

aped like a t

l struts which pass from the ventral bord

me-work within the head, u

, slender; l

ting as in saw-flies: a mandibular sclerite articulated to the basa

vipositor fitted for

men and valved ovipositors: Thripids in wh

e: cylindric

the primitively upper

ed dorsal suture on the h

ent, especially when that part consists of a s

upper and lateral p

ages forming the ovipositor in grasshoppers: plate

ists of one or more than one sclerite and specifically of the

of a wing, between apex

t the tip or extremi

ptera, runs along the ou

een the s. t. line and termin

echnical nomenclat

atural or artificial,

on or in the land;

nt: More correctly, it means "tiled", covered with possibly regularly sha

of Coccidae, and especially su

own; tile colored [pale ca

the production of spermatogonia, and often also of la

which in the adult form the tubes composing the testes; i

resembling the sh

ur: a comb

which the mouth structures consist of four

four fingers or fin

four sides or ang

to Coleoptera with

having four-j

rflies in which the anterior legs

r all insects with four naked,

o species living in thic

the fly-mouth; to the cases of the Trichopterous larvae; to the lower piec

ction when the progeny are all fema

: see

to species that tend to live close tog

in: in Diptera (Will.

l: in Diptera, = 2d

ervure: in Hymenoptera (N

ging or attache

iptera, the specialized bristl

e thoracic segments of larvae, as dis

of the abdomen when united with the tho

a, the specialized bristles situated

ca: = cyto

n the pro-thorax is free as in Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Hemiptera, the term thorax is commonly used in descriptive work for that segment only: in Odonata, where the

the embryo from which the terminal th

cell formed by the first fork of med

ems broken so as to permit of a folding or bending; eit

Neuroptera, or in the recurrent veins in the cubital cellule in some Hymenoptera; also the apical margin of th

s: a c

h four narrow, similar wings, lengthily fringed; mouth parts fitted

ects without metamorphosis; with anal appendages;

: turban or

eg articulated to the femur basally and

ached near the base of the inner side o

a, the drum-like vibratory mem

the part furthest re

ocess just below the p

r, so matted together that parti

Diptera applied to a covering of short, flattened, more or less rec

ucture of Lepidoptera; the lapping organ of flies; the ligula of be

: a short pointed process

y or subspecies of a widely distributed

ed in the exact locality whence

g to or concern

tion of the termen and dorsum of

g into knots or

f cold or other natural conditions t

with a ring

lus: =

is: tw

surface with a few large el

gularly curved and

s: = To

antenna upon which the organ is artic

n all part

ng the primaries of certain Lepidoptera, two

hich arise the stalks bearing the mushroom bodies: a paired m

lly ringed breathing t

ike processes in aquatic larvae through

ting to or comp

articulates that breathe by means of spiracular openings into a

gement or system of di

he adult as they develop in masses in

, at right angles to the

boreal elements overlap: it is divided into a humid or Alleghanian area

sting for a sh

ent; admitting the passage

transparent enough

clear as not to

e longest diameter

cision: = tra

ansverse grooves of pron

e groove extending inward from the root of

the form or shap

Scanner's comment: sic This is presumably an error in editing the or

plane of which two sides a

e; a combi

of cubitus with cubitus 1: a similar cell adjoining it basally

omposed of three

a subfamily: opinionative and ending in in

with three kee

ming hypodermal cell

and cells, covering the broader secondaries which are usually folded lengthwise; mout

fan-like row, situated on the meta-

us: divide

different colors in different individuals of the same speci

in three points: with

s: having thre

into three p

lar: an area boun

cornered; approxi

re three broods o

in Odonata

ptera, in which there are onl

which have the ta

ietal or subspecific name follows the specific term w

enna has three branches o

al: = tr

: with thre

ed into three disti

gment: see second

brain, formed by the ganglion of the third pr

ith three waves

rst larval stage o

specific as opposed to generic,

ith three str

ior coxae are nearly globose and the articula

divided, between the coxa and fe

ellus: see

and sometimes movable on the coxa; also the small sclerite connecting the coxa with the sternum in Dytiscidae: in Neuroptera a

mis: cyli

Cicada: in Trichoptera a small elliptical space

haped; like a cylinde

n articulated body inse

lectively, including the la

sis: see

greater part of Central America, the lowlands of southern Mexico south of the table land, and

occurring in all

thing tubes of

ut off squa

runcation or poin

the trunk

orax as a who

in, the proteolytic fermen

y: specifically applied to the anal siph

ll chitinous button: really a ring, wh

ior trapezoidal; posterior trapezoidal; lateral; posterior stigmatal; anter

rocess at the anterior angle of the

like a tubercle: a surfac

ulum: a sma

haped like a pim

: covered or set

e retracted, but may be extended, tube-like: Thysanoptera in which th

formed like a t

le abdominal segments formin

te the corneous base of a lig

ng or tumid enlargem

little swolle

en; enlarged

ayer of the silk glands: a

e tissue lining the interior of the hind gut: the outer l

one another: said of antennae when each successive

pyriform in being shorter and more suddenly attenu

d: sw

ing: a surface

= tylu

central lobe of th

he ears in

d with a tympanum or stretched mem

iptera, the thoracic sp

overed by a membrane, having

of a drum: specifically applied to the membra

le be added to the label, the specimen typifies that sex, and in case of an erroneous association the male type stands for the species unless

ual form of a species; ag

ddy, or perta

n the radial vein and claval suture; =

Orthoptera, = m

fleshy mouth par

Orthoptera, based on the char

al: that larval stage

intense deep blu

el with and between media 1 and 2, or princ

l-shaped, or res

vel, or navel-l

with an elevated k

evated knob situated on

nes on the sides of prot

or clouded: a

purs, spines or ar

not jointed

cesses, forming the bor

: hooked

d book directed downward from a triangular dorsal plate

wavy o

ely waved in seg

ze, form, development

the tars

med with a hook

l terminal claw or

e tarsus: also applied to a short process

hoof, claw

shaped l

, a combi

of one colo

: with one

a single fold o

only: unli

d to Aphids and Cynipids where onl

a, and a western arid or upper Sonoran area, which pass insensibly int

n tegmina, = a

s), corresponds to the posterio

an area: s

a 1 (Comst.), and is vein 5, or the

angle: in Odonata,

oma and Texas, and east. Colorado and New Mexico; covers plains of Columbia, Malheur and Harney in Oregon and Washington. In California encircles Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and f

ring matter in some Col

er-shaped; swell

malpighian tubules, when they for

excretion of the malpighian or urinary t

ules; q.v.: has also been applied

gment and, specificall

e abdominal segmen

the abdominal fe

when it is a mere extensio

: the a

ternal or under pi

processes on the bodies of certain caterpillars, whi

a maculation that has the appe

e sometimes enlarged portion of the vagina

sac into which the ductus ejac

acs connected with the seminal vesicl

bular structures connected with the seminal

ittle bag or h