-264) (f

oke he truth, not

nge

ke the truth, not e

8) (fo

ed in 1868 and fi

nge

ed in 1865 and fi

is war, though the opening stages

.

rated Nicolas ?eengiu

nge

rated Nicolas ?eengui

n

he ?eengiurú had

nge

he ?eenguirú had

rs elsewhere

.

ing of Nicola

nge

ing of Nicola

ut Chapter X only. Elsewhere, the accents are occasi

p has been omit

een omitted as unnecessa

ed from the edition publ

was based on events apparently related to

breve accent for the letter i, but following the standard for (a breve), I have gone ah

lean text. Then the HTML file was prepared, with care taken to avoid introducing errors, which has hope

age | C

tno

um de Auxiliis was held to determine whether or not concordia was possible between freewill and grace. As the Jesuits stuck by Molina and his

a Historia Civil del Paragua

ot in an official position, and nominated by the very Viceroy who had been the expeller of the Jesuits, his testimo

he possessions of all European St

adrid

r writers, he yet repeats the story of the bird that cleans the alligator's teeth, the magic vi

Pluvianus aegyptius has a symbiotic relationship with crocodiles in parts of Afri

he title of `Historia de Abiponibus', etc. A German translation by Professor Keil w

zhoffer, Cataldini and Tomas Bruno (Brown, who is mentioned as being natural de Yorca), Filge, Limp, Pifereti, Enis, and Asperger, the quaint medical writer on the virtues of plants found in the mission territory, show how many foreign Jesuits were actuall

an en su casa en la calle de el Po?o y en Palacio), derives the word from the Quichua Chacú = a surrounding. If he is right, it would then be equivalent to the Gaelic `ti

, `Descripcion Chorographica . . . del Gran Chaco, Gualamba', etc. Also in the inter

ing four years; but the writings of Demersay (`Histoire du Paraguay et des établissements des Jésuites', Paris, 1862), those of Brabo, and of Azara, show

cos Aus

of Francisco Javier Brabo, Madrid, 1872, and in the `Ensayo de la Historia Civil d

a Conquista de la Nueva Espa?a',

or the Indies'. `El mejor caballo, y de mejor carrera, revuelto á una mano y à otra que decian que no se habia visto mejor en Castilla, ni en esa tierra era casta?o acasta?ado, y una e

ded in the `Coleccion de A

l, contained in the collection made by Andres Gonzalez Barcia, and published in 1769

dians, he says: `Que no permita (Felipe II.) las atrocidades que los tiranos inventaron, y que prosiguen haciendo con titulo de "conquistas". Los que se jactan de ser "conquistadores" a que descienden de ellos son muchomas orgullosos arrogantes y vanos q

the second founding of the city, already found troops of wild horses. The cattle increased to a marvellous extent, and by the end of the century were wild in Patagonia. Sarmiento (`

toria del Descubrimiento de e

e Montoya, Madrid, 1639 (it is dedicated to the `Soberana Virgen'); and the `Catecismo de la Lengua Guarani'

lived with their families upon the sea-coast of Brazil. In those days the world was quite unpopulated but by themselves. They quarrelled about a parrot,

raguay', has a similar passage: `Recibe bien todo

edazo cozido en mucha agua hacen unas gachas (fritters) y es f

s établissements des Jésuites',

e contained in the collection of `Historiadores Prim

t to Greek, but in my opinion fails to establish his ca

e Paraguay, through territories but little explored even to-day. Perhaps the most comple

aciones barbaros é infideles que le habitan. Con un cabal Relacion Historica de lo que en ellos han obrado para conquistarlas algunos Gobernadores y Ministros Reales, y

Francisco Miguel Moreno, por mandado del Sr. Provisor Alonso Joseph Gomez de Lara. 4. Aprobacion del Rdo. P. Diego Vasquez. 5. Privelegio de su Majestad por Don Miguel Fernandez Morillo. 6. Fé de Corrector por el Licenciado, D

, and that, though it was `breve en volumen' (it has 484 quarto pages), that it was also short

ya, in his `Conquista Espiritual del Paraguay', cap. i., speaking of the Guaraní race, says: `Domina ambos mares el del sur por todo el Brasil y ci?iendo el Peru con los dos mas grande

., also refers to `La Casa del Gran Moxo'. It was situ

e by many authors, but perhaps the `Gramatica', `Tesoro', and the `Vocabulario' of Padre Antonio Ruiz Montoya, published at Madrid in 1639 and 1640, remain the most important works on the language. Padre Sigismund

ury also, in his `La Terre et l'Homme Américain', p. 392, speaks of `le rameau brasilio-g

ith the natives. Even of Mr. Rhodes it is not set down that he has killed many M

z, who of a similar appearance said: `But I, sinner that I was, was not worthy to see him; whom I did see and recognise was Franc

country long before the arrival of the Jesuits. It may be on this

lished by Don Andres Gonzalez Barcia in his collectio

res of America bragged much. They mostly gave the credit of all their doings to the God

-meant but unfortunate instigation of Las Casas, made with the Genoese

adores ni abogados a las Indias', i.e., that neither solicitors nor barristers should go to the Indies. It is u

st account of the levying of

are known in Guaraní b

is triangular, its colour gray, and its odour noxious. It is one of th

where: "All over South America the jaguar

go de Irala at Asuncion bought a fine black horse for five thousand gold crow

Vaca', contained in Barcia's `Historiador

always those of the prev

4

.H.

esire we will send them for the King. . . . We are sorry not to have them to send, inasmuch as they live where God made them, in the forests, and fly far away from us, so that we cannot catch them. Withal we are the vassals of God and of the King, and always desirous to fulfil the wis

Ayres. `That best of birds, the Holy Ghost,' shows faith grounded, at least, on ornithology, a

d in another place Guevara says: `La Florida lo cautivó con inhumanidad; La Asuncion lo aprisionó con infamia; pero en una y otro parte fue ejemplar de moderacion . . . recto, prudente y de sano cora

Order at this time; he was a man o

araguay had been under the ecclesiasti

Paraná, or, according to oth

was the Spanish name for

to Filds as Padre Tom Filds. His real n

r, Don Nicolas de Azara, having been concerned in their expulsion), says that fear of the Paulistas contributed to the success of the

cially prohibited Spaniards from living in the Indian towns, and, moreover, provided that eve

Philosophique des Indes', vo

litique et Littéraire de la Compagnie de Jésu

Castellanos en las Islas y tierra firme de

Castellanos en las Islas y tierra firme de

es hallados á la Expulsion de

s had already five

d to designate a half-breed, b

iz Montoya, `Conquista Espiritual'). Montoya adds with a touch of humour quite in Cervantes' vein: `Est

cio Fernandez, in his curious `Relacion de los Indios Chiquitos' (Madrid, 1726), relates their adventures in that far-d

. I., `Ann? Paraguarie, A

della Provinci

] B

d clouds of insects make life miserable. If the tract extends to more than a day's journey, the night passed on a dry hummock, holding one's horse and listening without a fire to the wild beasts, is likely to remain pre

d and several large seeds, and the property of being icy cold in the hottest weather - a true traveller's joy. Dr. de Bourgade de la D

x, vol. i., li

, liv. vii

istoire du Paraguay

del Paraguay', Ruiz de Mo

of the King (Philip III.), for in the time of Montoya `Majesty' wa

Jesuit reductions. It was situated upon the Uruguay

ista Espiri

t is to be hoped,

por agravios negocia

wards ruined by

cique =

ids were know

panish name, as appears to have been the case with P. Vansurk Mansilla. Father Manuel Querini, in his report to the King of Spain in 1750, ment

quista Espiritual'

ural lascivo, sino tambien, el vicio de la embriaguez, pues teniendo tantas criadas tenian con mas abundancia su cerveza y vino.' Thus Xarque seems to agree with the late Miss Mary Kingsley, who in one of her books (though she says nothin

eastern side of the Andes to reach. Whether this was a masterpiece of policy calculated to discourage

ions were not allowed to pos

ips junior (London, 1892). The Indians call it Salto de Canandiyú, which, acc

Historia del Parag

ero de agua', etc. (`Descripcion

o dan c

unable to discover any othe

nd was destroyed by the Paulistas, as well as the city of Vil

ista Espiri

xamen' (`Conquis

friendly and unfriendly to the Order, I have never found a charge of personal unchastity

y proporcion para tomar las medidas geometricas que se quiera y metiendose por el bosque se puede rec

ld exist near the cataract. Though this is of course untrue, yet in mo

s de su salud eterna' (

retreat. It is difficult to give the palm to the energy and courage of the four priests, o

e been waterboas, or, again, as seems probable by their digest

of some medieval typewriter, for it is like no name in any language,

boundaries was signed at San Ildefonso, Portugal was the gainer,

of `Causa Jesuitica de Portugal'. The author of this book calls Hennis a German, but his name, Thadeus Ennis (as it is often spelt), and his love of fighting look un-Germanic. Portions of the diary are also to be found in the work of Bernardo Iba?ez de Echegarray, entitled `Histoi

n Voyage faict en l

fferent jarring sects disputing for his soul as hotly as if it were a pr

g the family name of Alvar Nu?ez Cabeza de Vaca. Its position, etc., may be determined by refe

ake such elementary defences, even in the face of imminent danger, seems to prove that the Jesuits a

uin, Santa Ter

du Paraguay',

is now the Argentine

those who set about that the Indians of

l miracles were possible to God, but yet that he had ne

vince of the Ar

Paraquari?', boo

mes called Chuquisaca, an

Paraguay', vol. i

de Paraguay, Buenos Ayres y Tucuman', vol. ii., book iii., p. 10 (Buenos Ayres, 18

those of admiration and respect for his own saintly proceedings in his new diocese. Crétineau Joly, in his `Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus', vol. iii., p. 333 (Paris, 1845), tells us that

e de Prudencia' (Amsterdam,

Char

Exod.

is about twenty-f

Char

forms a thick covering on stagnant rivers and

4) apportioned into parishes under the authority of the Jesuits, and suc

as the tithes were never reg

ined under misapprehension, but after a complete exposition of all the facts.

expel the Jesuits, they left

hat Cardenas referred to, and a brief from the Pope (Urban VIII.) forbidding slavery, they had the hardihood to appear within the city of San Paulo and affix both edicts to

Civil del Paraguay, B

tigo ocular no es más admirable la sangre fria de sus capell

hard and heavy wood, and I remember once in Concepcion de Paraguay assisti

in Paraguay, `No se f

Pagar y

east fifteen hundred

como ageno y estra?o, por importar assi para la quietu

the Ilex Paraguayensis, from the leaves of whic

book ii., ca

emoirs in the case which he submitted to th

voix, book x

ind of bread made

ly sold in little pyramid-shaped lumps, done up i

. ["Peanut" in American

iso is one of

esco, pero

de palacio

uman' (book ii., cap. i., p. 10), says he was `Dotado de un temperamento muy facil de

en, 44,183; horses, 27,204; sheep, 138,827 (`Inventarios de los bienes hall

Cocos

itex Taruma: Verbenace?), tatane (Acacia maleolens: Leguminace?), and cupai (Copaifera Langsdorfii). These and many other woods, such as the Palo Santo (Guaia

-ink sketches, formerly belonged to the Dukes of Osuna, and was in their library. Padre Sigismundi also wrot

algunas plantas usuales del Paraguay' (Bue

cacia C

called aguacciba, one of the Terebinthace?. It was sold by the Jesuits in Europe. It was so highly esteemed that the inhabitants of the villag

powder furnished the `Paraguayan tea', called yerba-maté by the Spaniards and caa by the Indians, from which the Jesuits derived a handsome revenue. After

and Fray Domingo de Minaya - that the Indians were first considered as reasoning men (gente de razo

st resource to the Spanish settlements. This is not astonishing when we remember the curious letter of Don Pedro Faxardo, Bishop of Buenos Ayres (preserved by Charlevoix), written in 1721 t

nly eight were in Paraguay; the rest were in what to-day is Brazil

t the reduction of Santa Fé, and for eleven years were lost in the forests, till Father Yegros found them, and, as they w

l. Las casas de los Indios son en algunos pueblos de piedras cuadradas pero sin cal . . . otras de palos y barr

h of the mission of San Miguel: `La iglesia es muy capaz, toda de piedra de silleria con tres naves y media naranja. Muy bien pintada y dorada con un

written in 1750 in the missions of Paraguay, but remained unpublished till 1800, when it appeared in Buenos Ayres from the press of Juan A. Alsina, Calle de Mexico 1422. It is, perhaps, after the `Conquista Espiritual' of Father Ruiz Montoya, th

ls. San Francisco de Borja contained 650 families, or 2,793 souls (Report

he Spaniards in Alta Peru, and subsequently the Bolivians, had the sense to follow the Jesuit plan in its entirety; whereas Bucareli, the Viceroy of Buenos Ayres, entirely changed the Jesuits' rule in Paraguay. The consequence was that in Bolivia the Indians, instead of dispersing as they did in Paraguay, remained in the missions,

inos' (Robertson, `Le

s III.' (Madrid, 1859), says: `Fuera de las misiones de los Jesuitas particularmente

nde a sus fines particularmente con los misioneros que llevan de Espa?a; pero con todo eso no se olvida de la conversion de los Ind

ny (`Fragment d'un Voyage au Centre de l'Amérique Méridianale'), in his interesting account of the mission of El Santo Corazon, in the district of Chiquitos, says: `Je fus très étonné d'en

cijos, y son muy tristes en la tonada.' To-day the Indians of Paraguay have songs known as tristes. The brigadier Don Diego de Alvear, in his `Relacion de Misiones' (Col

esta acabada, se toca á Misa á que entran todos cantando el Bendito, y

says that in the estancia of Santa Tecla, in the missions of Paragu

os á la expulsion de los Jesuitas', Int

o ad Toletano decerptum', was printed at the mission of Loreto. It contains prayers in Guaraní as well as in Latin. Here also was printe

a Verdad', p. 295: `De estos granos

eef is called charq

ar the tipoi. They covered themselves when it was c

published at Buenos Ayres in 1900 (the introduction by P. Pablo Hernandez) - says: `El vestuario de los Padres es de lienzo de algodon te?ido de negro, hilado y

of interwoven canes, which ends in a triumphal arch, which they adorn with branches of palms and other trees with considerable grace and taste (con bastante gracia y simetria). Under the arch they hang their images of saints, their clothes, their first-fruits - as corn and

Second Alcalde; Commandante, Captain (of the Militia); Justicia Mayor, Chief Justice; Sargento Mayor, Sergeant-Major. Then came fiscales, fiscals; sacristan mayor, head-beadle; capitan de estancia, chief of the cattle farm; capitan de pinturas, carpinteria, herreros, e

expulsion of the Order in 1767, there were only seventy-eight Jesuits (D

were 599 of these `horses of the saint', a

the expulsion, and first printed by Brabo (`Inventarios

Orbigny and Demersay (`Fragment d'un Voyage au Centre de l'Amérique Méridianale', and `Histoire Physique, etc., du Paraguay') found

f Jesus, buried in the great woods on the shore of the Paraná

rez Real . . . va al castillo con el Estandarte Real y alli hace su homenage con otros rendimientos anteel Retratro Real,' saying in Guaraní, `Toicohengatú ?ande Mbaru bicha gua

amasco carmesi con

lated, `a good stone wall bet

roperty of the community, and

troduction to `Los inv

. This is irritating to the European, but who shall say that the Guaraní is not right? . . . European settlement cannot but be fatal to the Guaraní, however profitable it may be to land-owning and mercantile classes. . . . The Paraguayan market is a woman's club . . . they will come thirty or forty miles with a clothful of the white cu

says, `Las armas son necesar

alcaldes, regidore

y or sometimes

ercession of the Lord High Admiral Christ. After the Spanish custom, officers were often generals

. In that war bodies of Paraguayans frequently attacked strong positions defended by artillery, and allowed themselves to be shot down to the last man rather than retire. At other times, concealed behind masses of floating herbage, from their canoes they sprang on board Brazilian ironclads, and were all killed in the vain endeavour to capture the vessels. I knew a little pettifogging lawyer, one Izquierdo, who, with ten companions, attempted in a canoe to take the Brazilian flagship (an ironclad); l

the French attacked Buenos Ayres, a detachment of two thousand Indians was sent to its assistance. Philip V. hi

e second siege of the Colonia del Sacramento. Funes says of them: `A juicio

ly innocuous Luther has fallen heir to the heritage of hatred that sho

`Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus', vol. v., p. 103). So that a curious letter of a Jeronimite friar (one Padre Cevallos), written in 1774, i

n his own practice what he advocated - as witness his conduct with Servetus,

. Las flechas no se cuentan.' He says: `Todos los Indios quando han de salir a compa?a llevan 150 flechas de hierro, menos los que llevan armos de fuego. Asi mismo cargan "bolas" que son dos

sous les Jésuites') states the hides

oba was twent

res are from Bra

y-four dollars a year were set apar

Civil del Paraguay', etc.) puts it at a m

iceable in most polemical writers, boldly alters this to a million dollars, his ob

according to Charlevoix (livre v., p. 285), `était d'une blancheur qui n'avait rien de pareil, et c

es de grillos'; but I am bound to say that in this instance they were for

nelle Missione dei Padri della

aguay sous les Jésuites'

t], the original of which was published in the work of Padre Pedro Lozano, C. de J., `Descripcion chorographica del terreno, rios, arboles y animales

at there were at least two thousand canoes in constant use on the Para

res, regidores,

l of 1743, says that `in every one of the towns there is a school established to teach reading and writing in Spanish, and that on that account a great number

and dollars, and informs us that, after taxation (to the Crown) had been deducted from it, it was applied to t

to the charges in 1736, which reported in 1745 (a reasonable interval), affirmed that the taxable Indians only numbered 19,116. Each Indian paid an annual poll-tax of one dollar a yea

he Abipones'. Londo

Amérique Méridionale'

tes that it appeared, from papers left after their expulsion, that the income of the Jesuit College

P. Hernandez in his introduction to the work of P. Cardiel (`Declaracion de la Verdad'), which states

es, `Ensayo Critico de la Historia del Paraguay'; and Padre

e es de Nicolas Neenguirú) que se hallaron en letra Guaraní traducidas por los interpreteo nombrados en las sorpresa hec

van solos, sino es con un Indio de hedad quien los giua y cuida de el caballo y despues de esto á misa y á la tarde al Rosario de Maria Santisima llamandonos con toque de campana, y antes de esto á los muchachos y muchachittas los llama con una campánilla y despues de eso el bueno de el Padre entra ha ense?arles la Doctrina, y el persinarse de el mism

. A las once de el dia van a comer un poquitto, no á comer mucho solo coge cinco plattitos y solo beve una vez el vino, no llenando un vaso peque?o, y aguardiente nunca lo toman y el vino no lo hai en nuestro pueblo, solo lo traen de la Candelaria segun lo que envia el Padre Superior lo trahen de acia Buenos Aires. . . . Despues que sale de comer y para descansar an poco, y mientras descansa salen fuera los que assisten en la casa del Padre, y los que trabajan dentro

uiet; and if this is so, it goes far to prove that they were right to attempt the same isolation in Pa

z Triana, `De Bogota al Atlantico', etc., pp. 156-158 (Paris: Impresa Sud Americana). A really interesting book of travels,

arlevoix

ta Espiritual'

dans l'Amériqu

mó en 1612 fue ordenar que ninguno en lo sucesivo pudiese ir a casa de Indios, con el pretexto de reducirlos, y que no se diesen encomiendas del modo que hemos explicado, es decir con servicio person

d encomiendas, see

e los bienes hallados a la

dans l'Amériqu

under the Spanish rule: `Para que se vea cuanta razon tiene el Juez reparese que segun los padrones del siglo pasado (vg. 1600-1700) en la ciudad y jurisdicion de Santiago del Estero habia 80,000 I

oix, vol. ii.

storia Civil del Paraguay', e

ozano, Guevara, Ch

the liberty game to kill all who disagree with your party, or to banish them. In these degener

. It is frequent in place-names

bia que para servir bien a los hombres es preciso de cuando en cuando tener valor de desagradarlos. . . . La pobreza en que murio desp

, the provincial of the Jesuits in Paraguay, to the King

muchos huyen de la tierra, o se esconden, por no ir a la entrada. . . . Otras (vezes) quando lle

Martin Fierro', by José Hernandez (Buenos Ayres, 1880), has an illustration showing an expedition against the Indians returning. Some

t of the Abip

, `Inventar

arios de los bienes hallados á la exp

, preserved by Brabo, serve to show not only the dangers to which the Jesuits were exposed, b

in his `Inventarios', had a book called `El Alivio de Tristes'. Ev

excellent in a civilized country; but your modern missionary usuall

in the towns of the Guaranís. See Brabo, `Inventarios de los b

es', from the Latin of Marti

ves, though in the Paraguayan missions they were unknown. In the inventory of the t

ampo; será de edad de veinte y siete

de diez y seis a?os

lix, será de u

Fathers Robles and Ximenes, and established in the mission of Nuestra Se?ora de Fe; but in the year 1721 they all returned to the woods, a famine and an outbreak of

s by the name of Itatines. Charlevoix

t of the Abip

addition that the depopulation of the country, owing to the recent long war, had allowed the tigers to multiply to an extraordinary de

was called, they built shelters, after the fashion of those in use amongst the larger of the anthropoid apes. Some roamed the woods in search of the proper trees, the boughs of which they cut down with machetes, whilst others remained and built a large shed of canes called a barbacoa. On this shed were laid the bundles of boughs brought from the woods, and a large fire was lighted underneath. D

traditore, as t

u'il falloit laisser faire au tems pour les tirer de leur grossièreté, qui ne les empêche pas de vivre dans une grande innocence, d'avoir beaucoup de modestie, et de servir Dieu avec une piété et une ferveur, que les rendent très propres aux plus sublimes opérations de la grace.' Had more people thought with Charlevoix, and not been too

flames to the Chirignanós, they said, `If there is fire in hell, we could soon get enough water to put it out.' This answer scandalized the good p

t of the Abip

says of the wood Indians that `they died like plant

in, San Estanis

ably thos

t of the Abip

the Jesuits of Paraguay. Also the previous edict obtained by Montoya from Philip II., and by the var

ncluded a treaty signed at Tordesillas with the King of Portugal, placing the dividing-line between the countries two hundred leagues more to the westward than that of the famous Bull of Pope Alexander VI. (May 4, 1493), which placed it at one hundred lea

el, San Nicolas, San Luis, San Lorenz

Portugal, the latter of whom, Pombal, is said to have been responsible also for the false and libelous `Histoire de Nicolas I., Roy du Paraguai et Empereur des Mamalus' (referred to in this chapter) which was distributed throughout Europ

que sustentaron los Jesuitas contra las tropas Espa?olas y Portuguesas en el Uruguay y Paraná'. No proof has ever been brought forward that the Jesuits as a body ever incited the revolt of the Indians, though undoubtedly Father Tadeo Ennis, a hot-headed priest, stirred up his own particular reduction to resist. It do

Padres de la Campa?ia son los sublevados, sino los quitan de las aldeas sus Santos Padres (como ellos los llaman) no experimentará

ya en la persuasion de que el tratado no se ha de dejar de executar.' This being so, it was evident that the Marquis, at the date of writing, was of opinion that the Je

uccessor in the government of the River Plate, and were delivered to him in 1770 when Bucareli returned to Spain. The

iciales m

nd prohibits any Spaniard from settling

la Historia Civil del Parag

n though friendly, churchmen and cats rarely forego a scra

tisfaction to all the world except the English, who feared their commerce would suffer by it (i.e

lse policy to sacrifice the Colonia del Sacramento, the clandestine commerce of which amounted to two millions of dollars a year . . . for possessions whose advantages were uncertain and position remot

e on his first mission visit to England, to con

, Don Rafael de Menedo, an

o P. Luiz de Altamirano, dated San Miguel, June 20, 1752, it appears that there were in

Legajo 7,378, folio 17 -

amongst the Paraguayan Jesuits, if one except Juan Bruno de Yorca (John Brown of York), Padre Esmid (Smith), the sup

e la Historia Civil de Para

de themselves vassals of the King of Spain - despues de Christianarnos, nos hizimos voluntariamente vasallos de nuestro Catholico Rey de Espa?a para que amparandonos con

ostatize and return to the woods. Brabo, in the notes to his `Atlas de Cartas Geograficas de los Paises de la America Meridianal' (Madrid, 1872), gives a synopsis of this letter, which formed part of his collection, and contained the greatest quantity of interesting papers on the Jesuits in Paraguay and Bolivia which has ever been brou

Simancas, Legajo

ioneros se queme o se inutilize y pierda hechandola al rio,

O dura tellus Hispani?!' It is certainly the case that Iba?ez, in his `Republica Jesuitica' (Madrid, 1768), gives a very different version of the doings of Altamirano; for he says that Rafael de Cordoba, Altamirano's secretary, `embarked in a schooner called La Real a great quantity of guns and lead for balls, packing them

es, book v., c

y, and tell him that `St. Michael sent by God showed their poor grandfathers (sus pobres abuelos) where to plant a cross, and afterwards to march due south from the cross and th

isinterred it from the Maelstrom of Simancas, that prison-house of so many

has come down to us; it is supplemented by the `Declaracion de la Verdad' of Father Cardiel, which deals with the misstatements of Iba?ez and others

e puso l

toria Civil del Paraguay', Buenos A

Padre Ennis fell. Those, though left in from malice, as Iba?ez was a bitter enemy of the Jesuits, serve to present the man in h

ncensi . . . Sacramento expiationis et pa

erdad', p. 426, says: `Lo mismo es 28,000

Divinam Nemesim quamquam clare ex

acion de la V

with the `tymmeris for helmys', Barbour, in the `Bruce', takes not

yis that da

in Scotland h

r helmys wa

oucht thane o

wondyr f

, crakys w

befor herd

Booke Fourt

in an action in

e de la cruz

bitterest enemies of everything Paraguayan, so that a Ki

ublished there in the eighteenth century, if not the only one. Happy is the city of one book, especially

f the Abipones',

ude as a leader was a chief called Sepe Tyaragu. At his deat

ilvago

o me that, like some other `scientific facts', it originated in a mistake. The Pampa Indian name of the bird is `traré'. Molina (Don Juan Ignacio), in his `History of C

lli despues de la fuga y desamparo de los pueblos . . . saco a lo

é de Caravajal y Lancastre, says: `Inagotables son los recursos de los Padres para que se dilate y no se ratifique el tratado.

Guaraní, and a certified translation of it

Alta

fight the troops of King Nicolas, found, as he himself says, `no King, and no troops, but a f

es as to their riches, but Geronimo Terenichi, an ecclesiastic sent to Mexico to examine into the question of the Jesuits and their wealth, after a year of residence, expressly says `they were v

solo Dios y yo debemos conocerlas' (`Reinado de Carlos III.', vol. iii., p. 120. Ferrer del Rio, Madrid, 1856). No doubt Carlos III. satisfied his co

biting the use of long cloaks and broad-brimmed hats, which had been for long popular in Spain. The tumult assumed such formidable dimensions that the Walloon Guards were unable to quell it, but two friars, Padre Osma and

in his history of th

uese Jesuit, in his `Rela?a? Exactissima, Instructiva, Curioza, Verdadeira, Noticioza do Procedimento das Inquizi?ois de Portugal' (Em Veneza, 1750), is almost as severe as Protestant writers have been against the Inquisition. Particularly does he inveigh against the prison system of the Holy Office (pp. 3-5, chap. i.). In the l

as Don Francisco de P

io de tantas contrariedades, crimenes y miserias destaca serena la figura de Bucareli, no solo llevando a cabo con incansable celo su cometido, si no at

Civil del Paraguay', etc.,

la Historia Civil', et

horquillas si se quieren usar de ellas no son muy pesadas y tienen buen alcance'

residences, 171 seminaries, 1,542 churches, and 22,589 Jesuits, whereof 11,293 were priests. Of the above houses, mission

ils who were in want of food, and came into the Order for a meal.' Iba?ez rarely spoke the truth, not even when it would have been expedient to do so; and certainly amongst

e la Historia Civil', etc.,

o judge and condemn a man, and then to search for evidence against him. The books were kept in a place known as La Granja de Santa Catalina, and a man of letters, Dr. Don Antonio Aldao, was charged to catalogue and remit them to the capital. Dean Funes says (book v., cap. ix., p. 156) that he complied with his instructions (`verificóla

s of the Governor when he says: `Temblo de susto Bucareli considerando en riesgo una conquista, que debi

rest of Paraguay. It is a large river, and in my time (1872-1875) was bridgeless, and had

of all the missions. The name

', Madrid, 1872), says in reference to the perils by which he imagined himself surrounded: `El misero diminuto estado de la

not threatened for an instant, and Lopez declared war against both Brazil and the Argentine Republic out of mere ambition to be a second Napoleon. His solitary qualifications for the character were that, like his prototype, he was fat and loved women.

e of the smaller villages which had a chapel, the c

de Jesus en su Extincion y Restablecimento', says

de Documentos Relativos a la Expulsion de los Jesuitos', p. 8, Madrid, 1872: `Les hice vesti

etc., p. 101. The letter is headed `I.

eccion de Documen

slaving mankind. A courtier once said to a Spanis

entos', p. 196: `Y las mujeres en tal extremo, que

mejantes

PP. Jesuitos, sino por el amor que tienen a su nativo lenguage pues en cada uno de los pueblos han establecido esculas de leer y escriber en lengua espa?ola, y que por este m

eccion de Documen

cretaria y Consejo de Indias.' Brabo, `Coleccion de Do

eccion de Documen

places I have seen them, with their canes in their hands, a battered tall hat upon their heads, a linen jacket and trousers, and barefooted, riding on an ox, and

Caciques y corregidores que acompa?aban a Bucareli, habian sido alhagados por todos los artificios d

Chap

Brabo,

iamont, y otras partes se han restituido a sus pueblos, ciudaran . . . de que todos estos con sus families seran traslados a los mas interiores o distantes de aquellas fronteras por no ser conveniente se

extremo fatal y prejudicial á sus intereses pues la astucia y s

ions', p. 327: `Que el commercio

wed to take away all their personal pr

P. Lorenzo Balda three, and so on (Bra

talks of arriving in Buenos Ayres `après un court trajet de soixante jours.' From thence to

.; Don Feliz de Azara, `Descripcion y Historia del Paraguay', etc.;

istoria Civil', vol.

Historia Civil', etc., bo

nventarios', Ap

in 1847, says of the mission of La Cruz he saw

Historia Civil', etc., bo

`Naturalist