Chapter 7 No.7

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. Privy Councillor who lived for a long ti

diplomatist. In 1840 he was appointed a deputy, and was director of the Museum of A

798-1869). Member of

shed men and famous writers about her. She possessed the chateau of Marais near Pa

* (1645-1696). Auth

the Bourbons were restored. He then devoted himself to the study of law, was called to the Bar at Toulouse and entered the magistracy. He was deputy for the d

Dominican of the Order of the Preaching Friars. He entere

ions, Fieschi had applied to him upon his arrival at Paris to secure a post; after his a

all suspicion in the course of the famous trial. She had broken

orks at Glandier (Corrèze); he was an incompetent man of business, always reduced to

married M. Lafarge in 1839. As the result of the famo

uty to the States General in 1789, he played a

who played an important part in the July revolut

He entered the Academy in 1830, and the Chamber of Deputies in 1

lish diplomatist. Brother of Lord

rles X. He received his Cardinal's hat in 1831. Pope Gregory XVI. appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs, then Sec

865; she had married the Ma

(1782-1860). Governess of

Mathieu de* (1804-1886

d in 1885. Née Louise Suchet, da

). Aide-de-camp to the Comte d'Artois under the Restoration. He was alw

hter of the Duc de Sosthène de la Rochefoucauld Doudeauvil

th, she became a Catholic upon her marriage with the Marquis de la Rovère and died

lution of 1830 afterwards found a warm supporter in him. When he was elected deputy he joined t

de* (1768-1837). Peer o

n 1765 the Vicomte de Laval and was the mother of the Duc Mathieu de Montmorency,

81). She was born Princess A

n de Nicola?, née Lameth. Her name appeared in the Lafarge trial with reference to a theft of diamonds o

8. From 1830 to 1848 he was a director of the Royal printing house; in 1839 he was made a Pe

Belgian statesman and Minis

He assumed the title of Duc de Rohan on the death of hi

p the Bavarian Constitution. In 1825 he became Finance Minister and resigned his post t

died in 1818. She was the chief lady at the Court of Princess William of Prussia,

(1807-1835). For a short time he was the

hen secretary to the Foreign Minister. In 1846, on his father's death, he inherited his title and entered the H

Prefect and Peer of France under the Bour

of the most brilliant pupils of the Polytechnic School, but renouncing the world, he entered the seminary of Saint Sulpice, and was ordained priest in 1804. Afterw

he was the Landgr?fin Josephine of Fürstenberg, and h

1-1841). Prussian diplomatist at Madri

. Russian diplomatist, and for twe

de* (1784-1857). Née D

ntracted a morganatic marriage in 1824 with King Frederick Willia

of the Duchess of Kent by her first marria

held several diplomatic posts and became Home Secretary in Saxony. In 1830 he worked energet

istorian and a Catholic Priest who had

47). Famous French surgeon who made a grea

ry as a prisoner where he remained until the Restoration. During the Hundred Days he commanded the first military division and the sixth army corps at Waterloo, where he was captured by the English. From 1815 to 1818 he w

as the daughter of Madame d'Arberg

er to the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and Swedish Minister in Austria in 1816. He held a corresponding

in 1806, Count Gustavus of Düben, then the Swedish chargé d'Affaires at Vienna. In 1812 she was left a wi

Paris, where he made a name for himself in literature. M. Thiers entrusted him with a diplomatic mission in Russia. He was appointed Consul-Ge

aché to the French

ster of State in Prussia under Frederick William III., and afterwards

73-1849). King of the

people were leaving the opera, to assassinate the Duc de Berry, son of Charles X., nephew of Louis XVIII., with t

mina, daughter of King William II. of Prussia,

1808-1870). By birth Princess Louise of Pru

of the King of Sardinia and twin sister of the Empress

zig, he served in the French diplomatic service d

Seal, and occupied in succession the highest political posts in his country. His second wife was a Jewess,

missed for defending Moreau and did not return to the service until 1809, when his distinguished conduct at Wagram gained him the title of the Duke of Ta

cousin of King Charles X. and of Madame la Dauphine. On the accession of Napoleon III. he became Chamberlain of the Empe

ly who had become boat-builders, and married in 1779 the Comte de Villefranc

f his empire, but his domestic administration was marked by great reforms; he introduced Western sciences and

f Monsieur; he became an émigré with the Prince and held aloof from politics until the fall of the Empire. He took a large share in the Royalist mov

1719). Morganatic wife of King Lou

Peer of France and French diplomat

an?oise Weygold, was born in Prussia in 1776 and

n, he was a Minister with Turgot under Louis XVI.; he defended the King before the C

e Prussian Court. Chamberlain and major and Minister Plenipot

n canon of the cathedral of Rheims. When the Revolution broke out he retired to England and Scotland, and in 1802 was appointed Bishop of Trèves. He resigned

f, gentleman of the chamber of the Comte de Provence and Field Marshal, afterwards Governor of Corsic

. French diplomatist and politician, for a

ch Marchant published in 1836. On his deathbed Napoleon gave him the title of Comte, and then entrusted him with his will. On his return to France Marchand married, in 1823, the daughter of General Brayer,

s first appearance was at Rome in 1774. Every capital in Europe attempted to secure his presence, but i

1846. She was the daughter of the Ma

ph Durand de* (1769-185

IA DA GLORIA* (1819-18

782-1866). Wife of Louis-Ph

d in 1834 married Ferdinand Mu?oz, officer in the Life Guards, who was made Duke of Rinanzares. After she had been obliged to leave the country and hand over the regency to Espartero, Duke of th

e King of France, Henry IV., and Regent d

39). Daughter of King Louis-Philippe an

husband fell she secured the duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guastella. After the Emperor's death she m

80). Empress of Austria and Queen of

mous English general, John Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough. The Duchess o

studied at the Lycée Napoleon at Paris. He studied sculpture in the studio of Bosio, pupil of Canova, and then spent eight years

s actress at the

Marie Louis Joseph* (1790-1847).

is* (1789-1862). Spanish ma

* Born in 1792. Daughte

era in 1837. Daughter of Prince Xavier of

lessons in drawing to the daughters of

eph* (1790-1842). Polish dipl

ficer. He was a very intimate friend of the Montmorency family, being a distant relation, and was also

fe of the Hereditary Grand Duke Frederick of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, whom she married in 1818, and who

children, the Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres. She became a widow in 1842. She was the daughter of the seco

is father, the Grand Duke Charles, in 1816, and married, in 1817, a

4). A Russian diplomatist, c

etters, he honoured with his friendship and his kindness Pico della Mirandola, An

cease their revolts, he had them massacred throughout Egypt on March 1, 1811. In his two wars against the Porte, in 1832 and 1839, his lieutenant was his son Ibrahim, whose victory of Nezib laid the Sultan at his mercy. A European coalitio

(1779-1848). English politici

16-1905). He married in 1843 hi

773-1859). Austrian di

4). Third wife of Prince Metternich and d

th Lavau, who had attempted to assassinate Louis-P

most learned and profound of draughtsmen, he became architect of the Basilica of St. Peter

* (1792-1867). Spanish dip

first Marquis of Hastings. He was Chamber

8-1855). French politician of

* Died in 1845. Née

and recalled in 1818 to his duties as Inspector-General. He commanded the second Army Corps during the Spanish War in 1823 and was then

1785-1878). Lady-in-Wait

. French publicist and politician. One of the

the Interior in 1830 and afterwards Minister of Education and Public Worship. As the supervisor of the civil list he founded the museum of Versailles, increased the museum of t

daughter of the Marquis and Marquise Scipion de

iplomatist and French Minister; he was made a Peer of France at the age of fourt

La Creuse who was a constant v

quiou-Fezensac de Bacquencourt, married her cousin-german in 1809, who was aide-de-camp to Napole

anover in 1849, at Parma in 1855, at Darmstadt and at Frankfort from 1855 to 18

erome, King of Westphalia, and of Catherine, Princess of Würtemberg.

. She was the mother of Baron Raoul de Montmorency, of the Princ

790-1862). He took the title of

se-Luynes had married Mathieu de Montmorency-Laval. Her only daughter w

own under the name of la Grande Mademoiselle;

of M. de Talleyrand and sometimes entrus

de Mortemart who died from injuries receiv

lle, who died in 1641. On the death of Louis XIII. in 1643, Anne of Austria called Mme. de Motteville to

wards of Lower Silesia. In 1809 he received the title of Baron, and in 1813 the post of Overseer of the Crown Buildings. Louis XVIII. confir

ristina fell violently in love with him and contracted a morganatic marriage with him three months after the death of Ferdinan

s. Jordan. He entered the army at a very early age and became Major-General, member of

urat in 1800. In 1806 she was Grand Duchess of Berg and Queen of Naples in 1808. She bec

ice of Dom Pedro of Portugal with successful results. On his return to England he was elected member of the House of Commons in 1834, appointed Commodore in 1839, Rear-Adm

Ferdinand II.,* son of King Fra

na, daughter of the King of Sardinia, Victor Em

unt of Syracuse and morganatic husband of Miss Penelope Smith, by

d of (1813-1860). (Se

ttled in Prussia for several generations. The Countess Neale was lady of hono

the wars of the First Empire. In 1813 he was general of division; afterwards he supported the Bou

in and Major-General in the army of Würtemberg. He marrie

., Duc de Savoie-Nemours, her cousin. In 1690 she obtained the Principa

1814-1896). Second son

Russian diplomatist and afterwar

he was the daughter of Count Gourieff

tist who married the daughter of

Lascans, she had married Marshal Ney in 1802. Her mother had held a court post under Queen Mari

f Madame de Léautaud and Madame de Montbreton, who were implicated

red upon literature. With Arnaud and Pascal he wrote against the Jesuits and was involved in the prosecutions directed against the Jan

conceived an ardent passion in his prison at Embrun. Nina, who

e of twenty he succeeded to the peerage on the de

Daughter of the Duc de Poix, she married

he married in 1842 his cousin Mlle. Pauline

husband began a suit against her for divorce in 1836, which caused much stir. The jury acquitted Lord Melbourne, notwithstanding the strong presumptio

(1775-1847). Patrio

st son of Daniel O'Connell, whose poli

bassy in Washington in 1800; in 1823 he became Minister of Justice; Ambassador at Paris i

in 1798. Priest of Saint-Roch at Paris,

(1767-1843). Née the Co

(1793-1849). He ascended th

th Anne Paulowna, daughter o

tween Benais and Bourgueil. On the spot where he expired a column has been

hilippe Joseph, called Philippe Egalité.

. Ferdinand, eldest son of King

ook part in all the wars against Napoleon I. and

775. A Russian diplomatis

the ornament of the Court of Anne of Austria through her beauty and her wit. After a life of pleasure and political intrigue she suffered an overthrow by the in

ter of the Count of Hohenfeld and wife o

di Gama, she had married Dom Pedro de Souza Ho

). English politician; for a

.* A clever Par

s and Princess Helena of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. After the death

entury; a mathematician, physicist and philosopher. A quarrel between the Jansenists and the

2). Politician and Peer of Franc

93-1880). French politician, de

footmen of the Pr

50). English statesman and

Count Woronzoff, married in 1808, George

of Prince Charles of Naples, Count of Capua. Victo

and accomplice of Fieschi

dalbert René de Talleyrand-Périgord, husband of

aughter of the Duchesse de Dino. She marri

en?ay by his first wife, Mlle. de Montmorency. He after

ry General in Holland. He became Minister of the L

861. Adéla?de, Countess of Reede, marr

State, he occupied certain administrative posts under the Empire. At the Restora

Oratoire, he was first priest of Saint Louis d'Antin and of Saint Roch, and adm

pported every retrograde measure. In 1829 he became Minister of the Interior under the Polignac Ministry and helped to draw up the ordinances which provoked the July Revolution. He was arrested and tried by

acity, secured him the post of Secretary to King Stanislas Augustus. The Abbé Piatoli persuaded the King to join the Polish patriotic party himself and drew up the Constitution of May 3, 1791, after taking the chief share in discussion upon it. After the second partition of Poland he left the cou

came to Paris to crown him as Emperor in 1804. Seven years afterwards, having refused to drive out the enemies of France, he saw his states invaded and his provinces were united to the French Empire. As he had excommunicated the French Emperor he w

de Pimodan, cavalry captain and honorary gentleman of the Chamber to King Charl

uty and afterwards voted with the Conservative majority. From 1844 to 1846 he was Plenipotentiary Minister in Greece and cleverly counteracted

rquis of Barbé Marbois, married Lebrun, Duc de Plaisance. Witty and somewhat

he Privy Council of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg, and negot

les X. He signed the July Ordinances and was condemned by

ter of Lord Radcliffe, married as her first husband the Marquis

s relegated to Verdun in 1662. Three years later he returned to favour, and was sent to Stockholm as Ambassador; afterwards the King appointed him Minister of Foreign Af

English Ambassador at Const

he was Plenipotentiary Minister of France in Brazil and then in the United States; after

diplomatist and privy councillor. He was appoint

y birth, he was a diplomatist in the service of

d'Orléans in 1837; was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1839 to 1842, and was raised to the Peerage in 1845. In 1824 he married the da

ironde and Peer of France in 1832. He married Mlle. de Francfo

chbishop of Mayence, whom he succeeded in 1802. In 1806 he became Prince Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine, Sovereign Prince of Ratisbon and Grand Duke of Fulda. Charles of Dalber

of Prince Ludwig of Prussia and of Princess Frederi

. Daughter of the Duke of Anhalt Bernbourg

ghter of the Landgrave Ludwig of Hesse-Homburg, married, in 18

ildren, he assumed the title of Prince of Prussia in 1840, when Frederick William IV. came to the throne. He suc

axe-Weimar-Eisenach married, in 1829, Prince William, son of Fr

1883). Third son of King Frederic

rie, daughter of the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weim

n 1830, Princess Marianne of the Low Countries, whom he divorced in 1849. In 1853 he contracte

tries, married, in 1830, Prince Albert of Prussia, the youngest son of Frederick Willia

m III. and of the Princess of Hesse-Homburg. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Prussian Navy. He contra

. In 1842 she married the Crown Prince of Bavaria, who became K

vice, in which he remained from 1813 to 1815, and married in 1817 the daughter of Prince Hardenburg, from whom he separated in 18

ount of Pappenheim as her first husband in 1796. In 1817 she divorced

e Prussian Legation at Naples. He died of con

works on these subjects. He was Deputy at Paris to the Legislative Assembly of 1791; member of the Council of the Five Hundred in 1797; theatrical

the Cardinal de Talleyrand Périgord, whom

red the Conservatoire, made her first appearance at the Gymnase, and was admitted in 1838 to the Théatre Fran?ais, where she gave an admirable exposi

cumulated is now in the hands of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and is of the greatest service to diplomatists in distress. Count Raczynski was a very wealthy man, and made a fine collection of pictures, which he b

nce Ferdinand of Prussia, youngest brother of Frederick

and was a member of the House of Lords. His first wife, whom he married in 1825, was his cousin Helene Radziwill, who died in 1827.

er of Prince Charles Clary-Aldringen and of the Countess

aughter of Prince Charles Clary, married, in 1832, Prince B

King Louis XIII., having previously served the Prince of Orange, Christian IV., King

hamberlain and captain in the service o

death. He was a Spanish artillery officer, and afterwards served in the Royal Halberdier Corps and

d just concluded his study of the law when he was converted to Catholicism and took Orders.

bonne. He was also converted to Catholicism and entered the

ulptor. He went to Rome in 1804 for study, returned to Be

rench Council

then left the world, entered the Jesuit seminary, and afterwards the Jesuit Order. He was distinguished for his lofty

ench diplomatist who received the title o

ntess. She was born

the deep friendship which united her with the greatest litera

the Baron of Recke. She was divorced from him in 1776 and lost her only daughter in the following year. She travelled a great de

na of Otterstaedt married Count Wilhelm Jacob

andowner, a member of the House of Lords, and afterwards

r of a Senator of Hamburg, married, in 1834, Count William

wo Prussian generals of that name. In 1823, when the Crown Prince of Prussia

in 1792 and was Plenipotentiary Minister at Florence in 1797, and in 1799 replaced the Prince de Talleyrand at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was made a Peer of

the Legion of Honour. In 1840 he was Deputy for Seine-et-

de* (1797-1875). French

He played a great part during the Fr

neral and Field Marshal in the service of Austria and divisi

laide. Born in 1800; daughter of Pr

erbst, afterwards Catherine II. His father had married the sister of General Bibikoff; he was Major-General when he died at the siege of Ismail. Alexandre de

female side he was a great-great-nephew of the Cardinal, godson of Louis XIV. and of the Duchesse de Bourgogne. He first saw service under Villars. While Ambassador at Vienna he showed dext

3-1835). French admiral. Several tim

d, Austria, and Spain. As field-marshal in 1830, he joined the first expedition to Constantinople in 1836, and though he displayed incontestable bravery during the retreat, the gravest charges were brought

he daughter of General de Rigny an

Leveson Gower, daughter of Lord Granville. S

lieutenant of Hussars. At that time bearing the title of Prince de Léon, he was present at the battle of Wagram and became aide-de-camp to the Emperor. In 1814 he was made a prisoner but was

ried the Duc de Richelieu who was then more than

he first marriage of th

ain in 1814 and Rear-Admiral in 1823. He went through the Algerian campaign in 1830; in 18

he Irish Parliament for his popularity and his eloquence. On his father's death he succeeded to h

with Count Rossi and was then a leading figure in aristocratic salons by reason of her intellectual grace and her dignified conduct. In 184

ied the second son of Mayer Anselme Rothschild, who foun

8). Fourth son of Mayer Anselm

). Peer of France in 1815, he marri

atchmaker at Geneva, his education was greatly neglected. With Voltair

rance, Ambassador at Constantinople from

nced upon the Duc d'Enghien in 1804, and was then appointed General. After the battle of Friedland, he was made Duc de Rovigo; in 1810 he succeeded Fouché as Minister of Police. After 1815, the English refused to send him to St.

ce Minister in 1818, and introduced valuable reforms into this department. He was

3-1845). French philosopher stat

1795-1854). Famo

husband. He died upon the scaffold of the Revolution, and in 1804 she married Rumford, a German

re and was aide-de-camp to General Gérard in 1812. In 1830 Louis-Philippe appointed him

9-1846). English diplomatis

atesman, member of several Mini

daughter of Duke Frederick of Würtemberg, second wife of the Emperor Paul

incess of Saxe Coburg Gotha married in 1796 the Grand Duke Constan

ror of (1796-185

Frederick William III. of Prussia, married in 1817 the Gran

rtemberg and of his first wife, a princess of Saxe Altenburg. She married

son of the Emperor Nicholas, whom he succeeded in 1855 as A

mperor Nicholas I. of Russia. She married in 1846 the Hereditary

as married three times: (1) In 1800 to Prince Henri de Rohan; (2) to Prince Troubetskoi, and (3)

of Hippo, son of Saint Monica an

1897). At one time page to King Charl

senists, whose doctrines he ardently embraced, and obtained the Abbey of Saint Cyran in 1620. Among his numerous disciples and friends

ille de* (1793-1869). Widow of an

54). Peer of France, diplomatist, and

toire de Grimoard de Beauvoir du Roure-Brison. She marrie

nse de Beauharnais, she was the widow of Louis Bon

,* diplomatist and French writer

. A lord at the Court of Louis XIV. He wrote famo

Inspector-General of the Royal Guard and leader of the 22nd Regiment of Austrian Infantry. In 181

-1880). Maria, daughter of the

French man of letters and politician;

daughter of a manufacturer and politicia

married, in 1804, George John Montagu, Lord Sandwich, who died i

his father's death, but took no share in the work of the Chamber, and committe

. Lawyer, Deputy, and Min

792-1862). Infantry General in

terwards King of Poland, elected after the death of John Sob

ss Augusta of,

870). Sister of King Frederick Aug

co-regent since 1830, and promulgating a liberal Constitution for his people. An enlightened, liber

, daughter of King Maximilian of Bavari

ugustus, in 1854. He had married Princess Amelia of Bavaria, by whom he had several chi

melia, daughter of King Maximilian of B

berg, sister of the Cardinal of that name, marrie

of medicine at Zurich. He was summoned to

ime first Gentleman at the Court of Princess Stephanie of Bad

d in the Austrian diplomatic service and died at Vienna. He

Sagan, the eldest daughter of the last Duke of Courlande; this marriage was soon dissolved. In 1846 he undertook to

gotiated the marriage of Napoleon with the Archduchess Maria Louisa. On the occasion of this marriage, in 1810, he g

Count Hans Hermann of Schweinitz and became, in 1840, chief lady at the C

* (1775-1851). Ambassador at Co

an émigré at the age of sixteen with the Bourbons. Her first husband had been General Davidow, w

iress of the last Marquis of this name, she married Count Octave

(1754-1839). Chief referen

d sailor. On the return of the Bourbons, in 1814, he was commissioned to treat with England for the

the most distinguished ladies at the Court o

he French he was attacked by Louis XII., who deprived him of his states and forced him to flee into Germany. The unpopularity of Trivulzo in the Duchy of Milan a

ess of Isle and of Dudley, fifth child of

icar-General of Chartres and po

833 to go to Rome and copy Michael Angelo's fresco of the Last Judgment. This magnificent r

aster of requests at the Council of State and Pee

787-1859). Cavalry captain and Chamberlain, so

born in 1790. By name, Clementina

imilian of Bavaria. She married, in 1824, the Archduke Fr

he most famous soldiers of the Empire

I. He became Russian Ambassador and took part in the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In 1805 h

line de Ludolf, she married Count Stackelberg in 1

ount Dillon, married in Italy, in 1826, Sir Edwa

ame famous in the chief naval campaigns of the Revolutio

f, who carried her off and married her. She was well received in St. Petersburg society, but owing to her false position, she could not obtain for a long time the

n had married the Baron of Sturmfeder and of Oppenweiller, and wa

1868. Née Lady Carlisle. She was mi

I., King of Naples and of Maria Isabella of Spain. He was promoted to

of (1814-1874). See C

1823. In 1825 he was Minister of State and a member of the Privy Council of Charles X., but went into retirement upon the Revolution of 1830. He had mar

e Angélique, second son of Daniel de Talleyrand-Périgor

gn Affairs, High Chamberlain of France, member of the Institute and Ambassador. He had abandoned t

gin, she went through a civil marriage in 1802 with the Prince de Talleyrand, b

ambaud. He married in 1779 Mlle. Sabine de Senozan de Vi

d in 1838. Son of Baron Augustin de T

teresting publications gained him a great reputation among scholars; he b

ister at Madrid in 1815, then at Vienna where he remained until 1845. He th

e community of the Sisters of Saint Andrew, to succeed him as Superior General of that community. In 1845 he was appointed

vate Secretary to King George III., G

nd of the Princess of Nassau Weilburg. The Archduchess Theresa became th

). French Marshal, liberal deputy, appoin

istorian; author of "Letters on the History of